A little common sense about Japanese

Because of MengMeng's roles in Japanese anime, many anime fans are addicted to Japanese, scrambling to imitate, imitating their tone and pronunciation. Here in Meng Meng, I will popularize Japanese knowledge for my friends.

Japanese, referred to as Japanese for short, is the main language used by the Yamato people in the Japanese archipelago and the official language of Japan. Japanese is mainly used in Japan. Japanese immigrants from Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Dominica and Hawaii also use Japanese. In addition, Chinese mainland, Taiwan Province Province and Korea, which were ruled by Japan during the Second World War, were all used by Japanese-educated people. There are about 65.438+30 billion Japanese speakers in the world, and Japanese is the ninth most widely used language in the world. Japanese can be roughly divided into eastern dialect, western dialect and Kyushu dialect.

The writing system of modern Japanese includes pseudonyms (Hiragana and Katakana), Chinese characters and Roman characters. Although these three kinds of writing are different, they have the same pronunciation. There are three kinds of characters used in Japanese: Hiragana, Katakana and Kanji. Hiragana can write all Japanese pronunciations, mainly used to express words with grammatical functions; Chinese characters are used to represent the names or actions of physical objects; Katakana is used to write loanwords, onomatopoeia, mimetic words and the names of some animals and plants; Roman characters are generally used in signboards and advertisements, and are rarely used in articles.

The first threshold of Japanese learning is the five-tone diagram. If you can successfully pass this level, it should be said that there will be no big problem in getting started in Japanese. However, the beginning of learning a language is often boring, especially when faced with some unfamiliar basic knowledge, such as hiragana and katakana, which look like Chinese, but actually have many different strange glyphs. For adults who are not used to mechanical memory, it will be a great difficulty.

The Isuzu diagram covers the pronunciation of the main 44 syllables in Japanese, and each syllable includes Hiragana, Katakana and the most commonly used Roman characters. Although these three kinds of writing are different, they have the same pronunciation. When learning five-tone diagrams, hiragana and katakana must correspond to their memories. Although many students have studied for a long time, they still can't remember Katakana clearly. This is because when they first started learning pseudonyms, their methods were incorrect, and they did not follow the idea of one-to-one correspondence. At first, you can learn two or four lines a day, and five lines on the first day. Write and read repeatedly, practice makes perfect, until you memorize hiragana, katakana and pronunciation skillfully. Pay attention to be able to match hiragana with katakana. After learning a certain number of lines, students can find words in the following text and write their own words, such as "わたし" and "ぁなた", so that they can practice writing and memorize pseudonyms and become familiar with some words to be learned later. Of course, the principle of reviewing the past and learning the new is also applicable to the study of the five-tone diagram.

Chinese characters are widely used in Japanese. There are tens of thousands of Chinese characters in Japanese, but only a few thousand are commonly used. 1946 10 the Japanese government announced? When using Chinese character tables? , including 1850 Chinese characters. 198 1 year1October was announced again? Common Chinese character list? , including 1946 Chinese characters. In textbooks and official documents, only inclusion is generally used. Common Chinese character list? Chinese characters. Each Chinese character usually has two pronunciations, one is called? Reading with sound? (sound みみ /ぉんよみ), the other is called? Training? (Instruction/みくんよみ).？ Reading with sound? Imitate the pronunciation of Chinese characters, and pronounce them according to the pronunciation of this Chinese character when it was introduced into Japan from China. According to the different times and sources of Chinese characters, they can be roughly divided into? Tang Yin? 、? Song Yin? And then what? Wu Yin? Wait a few. But the pronunciation of these Chinese characters is different from that of the same Chinese character in modern Chinese. ? Reading with sound? Most words are inherent in Chinese. ? Training? It is the way to read this Chinese character according to the inherent language of Japan. ? Training? Most of the words are inherent words that express the inherent things in Japan. Many Chinese characters have more than two kinds? Reading with sound? Harmony? Training? Sound.

Japanese pronunciation includes vowels (vowels, vowel linking and vowel clarification), consonants (unvoiced, semi-voiced and voiced), vowels, plucked sounds, accelerated sounds and long sounds, and syllables dedicated to foreign words. Among them, dialing, promoting sound and long sound are the difficulties in Japanese pronunciation learning, and they are also the important elements of accurate and authentic Japanese pronunciation. Hiragana writing small body to promote sound? っ? Still katakana? ッ? It refers to the sudden interruption of syllables, and the consonant at the beginning of the next beat is added at the end of the previous beat to form the tonic. Pronunciation is monosyllabic. Although you don't pronounce when reading, you should pause. There is a long sound in Japanese, that is, the vowel of the pen name is lengthened by 2 beats. When hiragana is used, when the following letter belongs to the same paragraph as the previous letter, the vowel of the previous letter will become a long sound. When using katakana, there are many long sounds. ー? To show. When transliteration of Roman characters, long sounds can be followed by English letters corresponding to pseudonyms, or a horizontal or sharp point can be added to extend vowels. Dials ん and ン(n) do not appear in the prefix, but they should have the pronunciation length of one beat. Influenced by its later syllables, its pronunciation is also different.

There are many foreign words in Japanese. Many loanwords from Chinese are widely used in today's daily life, so they are not considered as loanwords imported from outside Japan. For centuries, China culture has had a far-reaching influence, and many words with intellectual or philosophical backgrounds originated in China. 1At the end of the 9th century and the beginning of the 20th century, when new concepts were introduced from the West, they were often translated with new collocations of Chinese characters. These words are an important part of the knowledge vocabulary used in modern Japanese. In addition to the foreign words mentioned above, there are many words borrowed from English and other European languages in Japanese. Although the method of coining new words continues to exist, it is common to introduce western words as they are, such as? Volunteer? (volunteers),? Newscaster? (newscaster) and so on. Japanese has also created some fake English words (there are no such words in English), such as? Night owl? Sports competition at night? Wage earners? Wage-earning workers This trend has obviously increased in recent years.

There are a large number of onomatopoeic words and mimetic words in Japanese, which are used to simulate external sounds or vividly express the image and state of things with sound images.

Japanese contains many honorifics. Politeness is a linguistic phenomenon in which the speaker pays tribute to the listener or the person in the topic. In social relations, the speaker must use honorifics to those who should pay tribute. The use of honorifics is determined by the following three main factors: first, the age or social status of the speaker is below, and honorifics should be used when paying tribute to the people above; Second, when we meet for the first time, when the relationship between the speaker and the listener is not close, we should pay tribute to the listener with honorifics; Thirdly, when using honorifics, we must also consider the internal and external relations.

There has always been a lot of controversy about Japanese descent, so users don't have to think too much about this metaphysical problem. No matter what language family it belongs to, languages always change with time. In this ever-changing society, pure language families obviously do not exist.