Qing Dynasty immigrated to Kazakhstan.

In fact, Qianlong knew that Kazakhstan belonged to the Qing Dynasty and Russia, so he was unwilling to rashly let Kazakhstan join the territory of the Qing Dynasty to avoid unnecessary diplomatic disputes.

In the 23rd year of Qianlong (1758), the Qing Dynasty obtained the pledge of allegiance to Russian Queen Anna I from Abilayhan Khan in Kazakhstan on 1740. This affidavit was originally written in Latin, then in a Mongolian handbag, and finally translated into Manchu by an honest official. The document we are seeing now is an attachment to the Manchu memorial.

The affidavit reads as follows: Abraham? My name is Dana Don de Ania de Tocto Gashen Hasek Han? bi dergi abkai baru mini beye。 mini harangga niyalma gemu Sini hatun h？ Ande enteheme harangga oki.hatun han? I'm dahaki.gurun i toktobuha kooli, dahame yabuki, totto buha kooli, bucetele karmaki.yaya baita, han? I don't believe tokto bume Gash habi. Do you know what I'm doing? The picture below is a photo of this affidavit.

Excerpted from Xinjiang Manchu Archives in Qing Dynasty;

Abilayhan Khan swore in 1740 that I Kazakh Khan swore to heaven that my people and I would like to be the people of Erhatun Khan forever; Willing to obey Hatton Khan's orders; National laws are also willing to abide by; All statutes are willing to die; In all things, only Hatton Khan's orders are obeyed. If so, it is a blessing from heaven.

Everyone understood. Kazakhs want to take advantage of the opportunity to join the Qing Dynasty, resist Russian invasion, wander between the two countries, and maintain Kazakhstan's independence through balance of power. Gan Long certainly saw through the trick. What's more, the Qing dynasty must consider the geopolitical consequences brought about by Kazakhstan's inclusion in the territory.

Therefore, Gan Long refused to join the territory of Kazakhstan, but put forward a set of vassal/vassal state ways to deal with the ownership of Kazakh herders, which is another story.