The full text of the American declaration of independence

1declaration of independence on July 4, 776

Declaration unanimously adopted by thirteen American States at the Continental Congress.

In the course of the development of human affairs, when a nation must break its political ties with another nation and gain an independent and equal position among countries in the world according to the laws of nature and natural gods, out of respect for human will, it must announce the reasons why they must be independent.

We hold the following truth to be self-evident: The Creator created equal individuals and endowed them with certain inalienable rights, including the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. In order to protect these rights, people establish a government in it, and the legitimate power of the government comes from the consent of the ruled. Any form of government, as long as it undermines the above purposes, the people have the right to change or abolish it and establish a new government; The principles on which the new government is based and the way it organizes its power should maximize people's safety and happiness. Indeed, after careful consideration, the government that has been established for many years should not be changed for small and short-term reasons. All past experiences also show that human beings would rather endure any hardships as long as they can, and have no intention of abolishing their long-term accustomed government to restore their rights and interests. However, when the government has been abusing its power and seizing power, and persistently pursuing this goal, proving that it aims to put the people under absolute autocratic rule, then the people have the right and obligation to overthrow this government and establish new guarantees for their future security-this is the situation that these colonies resigned in the past, and this is why they have to change the previous government system now. The history of the king of Great Britain today is a history of repeatedly harming others and benefiting themselves. The direct purpose of all these atrocities is to establish an absolute tyranny in these States. In order to prove the truth, the following facts are now announced to the just world.

He refused to approve the laws that were most beneficial and necessary for the public interest. He forbade his governor to approve urgently needed and important laws, or shelved them for his consent; Once these laws were shelved, he completely ignored them. He refused to approve other laws that allowed people to reclaim large areas of land unless they were willing to give up their representation in the legislature; But this right is priceless to them, and only tyrants are afraid of it. He called a meeting of local legislatures in an inconvenient and uncomfortable place, far away from the place where official documents and files were stored, with the sole purpose of making them tired and obedient to his will. He dissolved the colonial parliament many times because they firmly and resolutely opposed his violation of people's rights. After dissolving the colonial parliament, he refused to choose a new parliament for a long time. However, the legislative power cannot be abolished, so this power has returned to the hands of the broad masses of the people and is exercised by them; At that time, countries were still in danger, suffering from external aggression and internal turmoil. He tried his best to curb the growth of the colonial population. To this end, he blocked the adoption of the naturalization law for foreigners, refused to approve other laws encouraging foreigners to immigrate to the States, and improved the conditions for allocating new land.

He refused to approve the law establishing judicial power, thus obstructing judicial justice. He controlled the tenure, salary and remuneration of judges, thus making judges completely subject to his own will. He set up all kinds of new yamen, sent as many officials as locusts, harassed our people and ate their fat. In peacetime, he stationed a standing army among us without the consent of our legislature.

He made the army independent of the civilian regime. He colluded with some people and put us under the jurisdiction that is incompatible with our system and not recognized by our laws; He also approved the counterfeit banknotes concocted by these people to achieve the following purposes:

There are a large number of armed forces stationed here; Cover them up with false trials, so that the murderers of our state residents can get away with it; Cut off our trade with the rest of the world; Tax us without our consent; In many cases, we are deprived of the right to a jury; Fabricate charges and expel us overseas for trial; Abolish the free system of British law in a neighboring area, establish an authoritarian government there, and expand its borders in an attempt to quickly make it a model and handy tool, so as to extend the same authoritarian rule to the colonies here; Cancel our charter, abolish our most precious laws and fundamentally change our form of government; Suspend our own legislature and claim that they have the right to legislate for us under any circumstances. He declared that we were no longer under his protection and went to war with us, thus giving up the regime here. He plundered our oceans, ravaged our coasts, burned down our towns and ruined the lives of our people. At this time, he was transporting a large number of foreign mercenaries to complete the slaughter, destruction and rampant activities that had already begun, and his cruelty and meanness were unparalleled even in the most barbaric times. He is totally unworthy of being the head of a civilized country. He forced our compatriots captured by him on the high seas to join the army, betrayed his country, became the initiator of killing his relatives and friends, or died at their hands.

He incited civil strife among us and tried his best to provoke those cruel Indians to slaughter and plunder the residents of our frontier. As we all know, Indians fight by killing all men, women and children.

At every stage of these oppression, we used the most humble words to ask for relief, but our repeated petitions were met with repeated injuries. In this way, when a monarch's character is branded with tyrant's behavior, he is not worthy to be the ruler of a free nation.

It's not that we don't care about our brothers in England. We have repeatedly warned them that their legislature is trying to impose unreasonable jurisdiction on us. We also remind them of our immigration and settlement here. We once called on them to have a natural sense of justice and chivalry. We earnestly issued a statement asking them to study for the same language and species and give up these unreasonable plunder that will inevitably destroy our mutual relations and exchanges. They also turned a deaf ear to this call from justice and based on blood. As a last resort, we have to declare our separation from them. We will treat them like other countries: enemies in wartime and friends in peacetime.

Therefore, we, the representatives of the United States gathered under the Continental Congress, appeal to the highest justice in the world for our legitimate intentions: with the goodwill of the colonies in in the name of people and their authorization, we solemnly declare that these unified colonies have since become, and naturally become, free and independent countries; They lifted all the obligation of loyalty to the British royal family, and all their political relations with the British country were cut off from now on, and they must be cut off; As free and independent countries, they have every right to declare war, make peace, form alliances, trade and take all actions and affairs that independent countries should take and handle. In order to strengthen this declaration, with the belief that we are deeply blessed by the gods, we are willing to swear to each other with our lives, wealth and sacred honor.

Translation: Ren Donglai

Ren Donglai translated Selected Historical Documents of the United States (translated by China Translation and Publishing Company and published by the Information and Culture Section of the American Embassy in China, 1985) and "America is in 1765- 19 17" (translated by Xie Defeng, Beijing Sanlian Bookstore, 65438+).

Author: Xinghai Yuepiao 2005-4-25 09:52 Reply to this speech

-

A: The full text of the Declaration of Independence.

The United States Declaration of Independence

4 July 1776

In parliament,1July 4, 776,

The unanimous declaration of the thirteen States of the United States of America

When it is necessary for a nation to break the political ties that link them with another nation in the process of human activities and assume the independent and equal status given to them by the laws of nature and the God of nature in the power of the earth, decent respect for human opinions requires them to announce the reasons for their separation.

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, and that the creator has endowed them with certain inalienable rights, including the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

In order to protect these rights, people have established a government, and the legitimate power of the government comes from the consent of the ruled.

Whenever any form of government becomes destructive to these goals, people have the right to change or abolish it and establish a new government, and organize their power on the basis of such principles and in such a form that people seem to be most likely to affect their safety and happiness. In fact, prudence will determine that the long-term government should not be changed for minor and short-term reasons; Therefore, all experience shows that human beings are more inclined to suffer, and evil can be tolerated, rather than correcting themselves by abolishing their customary forms. However, when a series of abuse of power and extortion in pursuit of the same goal show their intention to put them under authoritarian rule, they have the right and obligation to overthrow such a government and provide new guarantees for their future security.

This is the patience of these colonies; This is the necessity of forcing them to change their previous government system now. The history of the king of Great Britain today is a history of constant injury and usurpation, and the direct goal of all this is to establish an absolute tyranny in these States. To prove this, let the facts be submitted to a just world.

He refused to approve the laws that were most beneficial and necessary for the public interest.

He forbade his governors to pass laws of direct and urgent importance unless they suspended their operation until his consent should be obtained; When so paused, he completely ignored them.

He refused to adopt other laws to accommodate the people in most areas, unless these people gave up their representation in the legislature. This right is immeasurable to them, and only tyrants are afraid.

He called the legislature in unusual places, uncomfortable and far from their public records, with the sole purpose of fatiguing them to abide by his measures.

He dissolved the House of Representatives many times because they firmly opposed his violation of people's rights.

Author: Xinghai Yuepiao 2005-4-25 09:52 Reply to this speech

-

A: The full text of the Declaration of Independence.

He refused for a long time, and after such dissolution, others were elected; The indestructible legislative power has returned to the people and is exercised by them; At the same time, the country still faces the danger of foreign invasion and internal turmoil.

He tried to stop the population of these States; To this end, the law that hinders the naturalization of foreigners; Refuse to pass other bills to encourage immigrants and improve the conditions for new land allocation.

He refused to approve the law establishing judicial power, which hindered the implementation of justice.

He makes judges completely dependent on his will in terms of term of office, salary and payment.

He set up many new offices and sent a large number of officials here to harass our people and eat their materials.

He kept a standing army among us in peacetime without the consent of our legislature.

He tried to make the army independent of and above the civilian regime.

He joined forces with others to put us under a jurisdiction that has nothing to do with our constitution and is not recognized by our laws; Allow them to pretend to legislate:

A large number of armed forces are stationed among us;

To protect them from any murder through mock trials, they should treat the residents of these countries:

Cut off our trade with the rest of the world;

Tax us without our consent;

Deprived us of the benefits of jury trials in many cases:

Send us overseas to be tried on fake charges;

Abolish the liberal system of British law in neighboring provinces, establish an arbitrary government there, and expand its borders, so that it can immediately become an example and a suitable tool to introduce the same absolute rule over these colonies:

Cancel our charter, abolish our most valuable laws, and fundamentally change the form of our government:

Suspend our own legislature and declare that they have the right to legislate for us under any circumstances.

He abandoned the government here, declared that we were not protected by him, and launched a war against us.

He plundered our oceans, ravaged our coasts, burned down our towns and destroyed the lives of our people.

At this time, he is transporting a large number of foreign mercenaries to complete the work of death, desolation and tyranny, which has begun in a cruel environment. Treason is also rare in the most barbaric times, and it is totally unworthy to be the head of a civilized country.

He forced our compatriots captured on the high seas to take up arms against their country, become executioners of their friends and brothers, or die at their hands.

Author: Xinghai Yuepiao 2005-4-25 09:52 Reply to this speech

-

A: The full text of the Declaration of Independence.

He incited domestic rebellion among us, and tried his best to provoke the residents of our frontier, the ruthless Indian barbarians. Their rules of war were to kill them regardless of age, sex and conditions.

At every stage of these oppression, we ask for compensation in the most humble way: our repeated requests are only met with repeated injuries. A monarch, if his character is branded by every behavior that can be defined as a tyrant, is not suitable to be the ruler of a free nation.

We have not neglected our English brothers. We warn them from time to time that their legislature is trying to extend unreasonable jurisdiction to us. We have reminded them of our immigration and settlement here. We call on them to be born just and magnanimous, and we call them to deny these encroachments with our common blood relationship, which will inevitably interrupt our contact and communication. They also turned a deaf ear to the voice of justice and blood. Therefore, we must tacitly condemn the necessity of our separation and regard them as enemies in war and friends in peace, just like other human beings.

Therefore, we, the representatives of the United States of in the name of people, gathered together at the plenary meeting to ask the world's highest judge for the correctness of our intentions, and solemnly announced and announced that these unified colonies are, and naturally should be, free and independent countries with the kindness and authority of these colonies; They have been exempted from all loyalty to the British royal family, and all political ties between them and the great Britain have been and should be completely lifted; As free and independent countries, they have full power to wage war, conclude peace, conclude alliances, establish commerce, and do all other acts and things that an independent country may do. In order to support this declaration, we firmly believe that God will bless us, and we swear to each other with our lives, property and sacred honor.

John hancock, President.

It has been proved that Charles Thomson, secretary

New Hampshire: Josiah bartlett, William whipple and Matthew Thornton.

Massachusetts Bay: samuel adams, john adams, rob terry Paine, Elbridge Gerry.

Rhode Island: Stephen Hopkins, William ellery.

Connecticut: roger sherman, samuel huntington, william williams, Oliver Walcott.

Georgia: Barton Gwennett, Lyman Hall, Georgia. Walton

Maryland: samuel chase, William Paka, Thomas Si Tong, Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

Virginia: George Weiss, Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Harrison, Thomas Nelson Jr., Francis Lightfoot Lee, carter braxton.

New york: William Freud, Philip Livingston, Francis Lewis, Lewis Morris.

Pennsylvania: robert morris, Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Franklin, john morton, george clymer, james smith, George Taylor, james wilson and George Ross.

Delaware: Caesar Rodney, George Reid, Thomas Keane

North Carolina: William Hooper, Joseph Hughes, john payne

South Carolina: edward rutledge, thomas hayward Jr., Thomas Lynch Jr., Arthur Middleton.

New Jersey: Richard stockton, John Witherspoon, Francis Hopkins, john hart and abraham clark.

-

Prepared by Gerald Murphy (Cleveland Free Network-aa300)

It is distributed by the network broadcasting service department of the National Public Telecommunication Computing Network (NPTN).