The third series of Qiong Min's creation

-Revised draft of "Unveiling the Closed Door"

This group of frontier strongmen from the northern Ganqing Plateau met the aborigines in Jiuding Mountain, without hugging or giving gifts to each other. For Qiong Ren, a long nightmare began. In order to compete for limited resources and living space, intruders and defenders launched a life-and-death struggle after another. Fierce frontier strongmen have obvious advantages. They rushed down from Jiuding Mountain and quickly occupied the mountains north of Gulin Qiongbei. To the south, it occupied the valley in the upper reaches of Bupu River, which is today's Huojinggou area; Then it goes down the Bupu River, passes through Jinji Cliff, Zhaigou Top and Yuyaguan, and enters the Baimojiang River Basin. Joan people are losing ground and running around.

Joan people who migrated from the northwest to the south were later divided into two branches. One became a part of Shu people in Chengdu Plain; One of the groups continued to migrate southward, eventually becoming a part of Nanyi and establishing its capital in Xichang, which was called Du Qiong. However, it moved further south to Panzhihua. Since Qionglai people moved to Ya 'an and Xichang, the people of Southwest Yi, South Yi and Shu have deep roots since ancient times.

Some Qionglai people continued to migrate with some border strongmen and merged with the aborigines in Lushan, Baoxing and Ya 'an to become Qingyi Qiang. Some enter the county boundaries today, which is called migration; Some settled down after entering the mountains in Yingjing County and became cattle. Some people were forced to leave their hometown and move to other places, and some people merged with frontier strongmen. In the end, the Qiong people and the frontier strongmen accepted and assimilated each other and gradually developed into a powerful tribe. With the increase of population and tribes, the Qiongren tribes have formed increasingly distinct branches, such as Yi, Qiang, Hu, Ruolu (an ancient disparaging name for Xiongnu), Prynne, and so on.

With the passage of time, the population at home has become more and more dense. People began to destroy forests and open up wasteland, turning swamps into fertile fields and rotten soaking fields into dry fields. Qingjiang River and Bai Mo gradually widened, the dry areas on both sides of the strait gradually expanded, and more houses were built, forming streets and lanes and becoming military towns, market towns and towns. On page 57 of the first volume of Records of Qiongzhou, Zhili of the Republic of China, it says: "Jiamen Town, Lin Qiong", "Closed on the side of the mountain, and the water comes out ... The city is on both sides of the river, in the middle reaches of the Mubai River, and there are many cargo ships. The water surface is more than 20 feet wide, and the cross-strait market mouth is about two miles long ... "

In 3 16 BC, the pre-Qin dynasty attacked Shu, and the enlightened regime of Shu was defeated. In 3 1 1 BC, Qiongcheng was built, then the county government was established, and more immigrants moved to the Central Plains. The attribute of Qiongren tribe gradually faded, and eventually they became China people. However, during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, when Sima Xiangru was sent to the southwest, there were Baopu people living in the Bupu Valley and the surrounding mountainous areas, and Baima people living in the mountainous areas around the Bai Mo Valley. Today, the Wangdian under the jurisdiction of Jia Guan is Long 'an, and there used to be the White Horse Temple, also known as Prince Charming Temple, dedicated to the Yi chieftain prince. It is said that he was a victim of defending the land, and a few years later he materialized into the object of worship of the descendants of Qiong. There is only ruins left in the temple.

During the thirty years from the end of Ming Dynasty to the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Sichuan suffered frequent wars and famines, which caused the population of Sichuan to drop sharply. "Sichuan Tongzhi" said: "Since the Han and Tang Dynasties, there have been many toothed fireworks in Shu. After the war in the late Ming Dynasty, Dingkou was as rare as the morning star. " According to the population statistics in the twenty-four years of Kangxi, Sichuan Province experienced a large-scale war with a population of more than 90,000. In view of this, Kangxi issued a decree to encourage large-scale immigration to Sichuan, and the Qing government also issued a series of preferential immigration policies for this purpose. Therefore, immigrants from Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Henan and other provinces came to Sichuan in large numbers. The migration of "Huguang filling Sichuan" for decades began.

There were eight great migrations in the history of our country: in the Qing Dynasty, "Jiangxi filled Huguang and Huguang filled Sichuan"; During the Yongjia period of the Western Jin Dynasty? The Great Migration in the Period of Yongjia's Mourning: the Great Migration in the Period of Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty; the Great Migration in the Period of Jingkang Rebellion in the Northern Song Dynasty: A.D. 1 16 1 Jin tore up the contract with the Song Dynasty, resulting in the Great Migration in the Period of Yan Jingliang; After Kublai Khan ascended the throne, the great migration during the period of 1273 "Mongolian invasion to the south"; The great migration between 1923- 1930 during the period of "westward entry and eastward exit"; After the great migration from the southeast coast to Southeast Asia, Jiamenguan became a place where Qionglai, Hong, Tu, Di and Qiang people lived together. Nowadays, the family genealogy and surnames of the gatekeepers, or the epitaphs of cemeteries for more than a hundred years, all indicate that their ancestral home is "Xiaogan Township, Macheng County, Huangzhou Prefecture, Huguang ..." In fact, are the "ancestors" of these gatekeepers from Jiangxi, Huguang or other places? ? No one makes it clear, and there is no way to be elegant. I only know that the last starting point for these "ancestors" to come to Sichuan was "Xiaogan Township, Macheng County, Huangzhou, Huguang", so the "ancestors" came from "Xiaogan Township, Macheng County, Huangzhou, Huguang".

In the process of migration, energetic people continue to move in the direction of Qianwei, Xichang and Yunnan-Guizhou, and exhausted homeless people will stay along the way. Waves of drifters came, and waves of drifters stayed at the door. Jiamen Pass has become a place where the clans and tribes of Qionglai, Migration, Cuo and Qiang live together.

When Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism became fashionable, Jiamen Pass was called Xanadu by Taoism, and the title of "On Cave" came into being: Volume 4 of Records of Qiongzhou Zhili in the Republic of China, which is on page 269. Up to now, people from Feng Ba Village, Qingshui Village, Fengle Village and Fenghuang Village claim to live in this cave.

It is recorded in the sixteenth volume of Historical Records, article 56 of the Biography of Southwest China, and page 1003- 1006 of the vernacular of Historical Records that our ancestors lived at home 5000 years ago. At that time, the vassal states of Qiong, Ru, Tu, Bian and Qiang had been formed. Home was confined to Liangzhou in Xia Dynasty, and was taken to Yizhou in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, but it was a strict road in Qin Dynasty. In the Western Han Dynasty, there were dozens of counties and seven groups of foreigners, Yandao County was set up at home, and a captain was in charge of more than a dozen counties. On the 90th page of the first volume of Records of the Republic of China in Qiongzhou, Zhili, it is said: "Tiantai Mountain is also an ancient Mengshan, and there is Luo Sheng in the north and Yan Dao in the south." The "Yandao" here refers to the "Yandao County" where the ancient doors are closed, but Baidu can't find it: "Yandao, the name of the ancient county, is now Yingjing County. Located in the western edge of Sichuan Basin and in the middle of Ya 'an City, it is an important post station of the ancient Southern Silk Road. "Because Yingjing County Yan Dao is in the west of Tiantai Mountain; In the Yan Dao south of Tiantai Mountain, there is only one Yan Dao with a closed door.

"Historical Records Biography of Southwest Yi" contains: "What information does the monarch of Southwest Yi have, and Yelang is the biggest; Its western number is the largest in Yunnan; From northern Yunnan, what is the length of the monarch, Du Qiong is the largest; It's all a knot, farming and gathering in the city. It starts from the same division in the west and ends in Yushu in the north, and is named Song and Kunming, all of which are compiled and distributed. With the migration of livestock, it is not common or long-lasting, and it can be thousands of miles away. From Song Dynasty to Northeast China, what is the length of the monarch, with the greatest migration and wealth; Northeast people, what is the length of the monarch, Ran Mao is the biggest. Its customs or aborigines, or migration, are all in the west of Shu. " In the fifty-sixth year of Historical Records Biography of Southwest Yi, Yelang, Yunnan, Du Qiong, Gou, Kun, Tudu, Du Yu and Baima were located "outside the southwest corner of Bashu" and collectively called Southwest Yi. "Migration and the capital" refers to the area around the gate.

In 135 BC, that is, in August of the sixth year of Jianyuan, the king of Fujian and Yue invaded the border town of South Vietnam from Yan 'an (now southern Fujian), and South Vietnam sent an urgent letter to Han Ting. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty immediately ordered Wang Hui, a big bank, to leave Zhang Yu (now Nanchang) and Han Anguo, a big farmer, to leave Huiji (now Suzhou) to conquer Fujian and Vietnam. The king of Fujian and Vietnam learned that the Han army was near the border, so he sent troops to fight against the Han. Yu Shan, the younger brother of Won, was afraid that fighting with Korea would bring disaster to the country, so he killed Won with his family and gave his head to Wang Hui, asking to be spared from the war. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered Wang Hui to withdraw his troops and named the grandson of Lord Wu who did not take part in the rebellion as the King of Yue. At this time, Yushan had a high prestige in Fujian and Vietnam, and "there are many nationalities", so it was arbitrarily king. Because Han Ting didn't want to raise any more soldiers, he named Yushan the king of Dongyue.

Southwest Yi was betrayed by the Party, and the four groups of Bashu, namely Jianwei County (Yelang Country), Xiangke County (Liupanjiang River), Cuiyue County (Xichang, Du Qiong) and Li Shen County (Qiongzuo Ruoguo), were blocked by roads, and the transportation of grain and grass was inconvenient. The original roads have been in disrepair for a long time, and the life of the garrison is particularly difficult. So Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty decided to open a military driveway leading to southwest Yi, and appointed Shu Group.

The ethnic group with the largest population living in Jiamengguan is called Cuo, and Cuo is also called Ruo. Historically known as Qiongzuo or Qiongzuo, it is the collective name of Hecuo in the southwest of Han Dynasty. The earliest record of Qionglai can be traced back to Oracle Bone Inscriptions. There are the following paragraphs in the Oracle Bone Inscriptions unearthed from the Yin Ruins in Anyang, Henan, Oracle Bone Inscriptions: "Wang Xiang. Zhen: It's not just the mouth. Hey: Come out "; "hey; Disaster "; "Fang Qiong, the emperor will follow me"; "Fang Qiong also grazes my fields in the west."; "If you are a man, you can trim the edges." Wait a minute. This shows that in Shang Dynasty, Fang Qiong was a powerful country in the southwest of China. The word "Qiong" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions consists of "Gong" and "Kou". "I" is a bamboo rope. When it stands up, it becomes an "H", which means a rope bridge in the middle and vertical piers on both sides. It can be seen that the earliest cultural symbol of Qiong people is bamboo slips. Qionglai is a compound word, which consists of Qionglai people and Luo Ren. Qionglai is another name for Zuo, which refers to a person who is good at building bridges with bamboo or rattan.

In BC 128, Sima Xiangru, as a corps commander, and Wang Ran, as a lieutenant, led the people of Jiamenguan. In the two places, more than ten big ropes are twisted into a ball with bamboo, dipped in tung oil for corrosion protection, and then covered with wooden boards. The bamboo ropes are drawn into handrails, which can carry 500 kilograms of troops and cross the bamboo cable bridge of Bai Mo River. This bridge embodies the characteristics of Qionglai, which is called "the first bridge in Xichuan" by the world. The biggest architectural feature of Qionglai is to twist bamboo poles into bamboo cables and build bamboo cable bridges.

Because the bamboo cable bridge swings too much, most loaded horses are unwilling to take the bamboo cable bridge, so a three-hole flat bridge was built 300 meters below the "Xichuan First Bridge". Later, piers were built under Shiping Bridge, and the mainstream of the river passed under the stone bridge. The shallow part of the river beach is paved with large stone slabs, which is convenient for pedestrians to pass. Cattle and horses pass between the large stone slabs and piers in the river. In this way, the original bamboo cable bridge, treading water bridge and chopping block are preserved. Later, the bamboo cable bridge was replaced by the iron cable bridge. Later, in February of 1936, the Red Army went north to resist Japan, and to stop the Kuomintang Fan Shaozeng from chasing troops, it was blown up.

Qiong people first lived not only in the Minjiang River basin, but also in northern Shaanxi and around Hetao. Qionglai was chosen in the process of seeking more favorable conditions for agricultural production. Qionglai has formed three major cultures of Shu culture: bamboo slips culture, bamboo forest culture and nest culture. Meng, a famous historian and expert in ancient history, further believes that Qionglai Valley is the birthplace of Shu culture. "What is Qionglai Valley? In fact, Tiantai Mountain-Jiaguan-Pingle-Xiaba-Huluwan (near the water-Baimojiang River) in South Road and Xishan Mountain-Gaohe-Huojing-Youzha-Mahu-Huluwan (Huojing River-Bupujiang River) in West Road Town merge into Wenjing River, and the northwest is connected with Xiling Snow Mountain-Tiangong Temple-Tea Garden-Xihe River. Jiang-? Jiang) flows into the South River to form Qionglai Valley, which originates from the three major cultures of Shu culture.

Shu culture is a part of Bashu culture, including Ba culture and Shu culture. Today's Chongqing and Sichuan provinces are called Bashu in ancient times, and the so-called "Ba" roughly refers to the eastern part of this basin (that is, the eastern part of Sichuan); The so-called "Shu" refers to the western and central parts of the basin and the whole basin and its surrounding areas. Two cities and two kinds of people born in two different contexts, Bashan and Shushui, have almost completely different cultural personalities: Chengdu people who are beautified by Shu culture value literature but not literature, and Chongqing people who are beautified by Ba culture are generous, straightforward, extroverted, rebellious and less disciplined, in sharp contrast to Chengdu people, but their blood details are only linked together.