Huizhou Dialect with Authentic Huizhou Style

Shocked! There are so many dialects in Huizhou, which one do you know? The most comprehensive introduction of Huizhou dialect in history takes you to understand Huizhou dialect.

Huizhou has a special geographical position. Located in the middle and lower reaches of Dongjiang River, adjacent to Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Macao, backed by mountains and facing the sea, it has unique advantages. Chinese dialects are mainly spoken in the territory, and a few people speak Yao or She languages. Lantian Yao Township in the north of Longmen County? Some people speak Yao language, but gradually become Chinese; A few people in Huidong and Boluo speak She language. Most residents in Huizhou speak Hakka, some speak Cantonese or Fulao dialect (Minnan dialect), and there are mixed dialects. Mandarin is widely used in this city.

Hakka dialect, Fulao dialect (Minnan dialect) and vernacular (Cantonese) are the main Chinese dialects in Huizhou. The distribution of each dialect is roughly consistent with the surrounding dialect environment. Hakka dialect is the largest Chinese dialect in Huizhou, which is related to the city's inherent cultural and historical background and long-term close contact with northern Hakka areas such as Meizhou, Shaoguan and Heyuan. Shanwei in the east mainly speaks Min dialect, so there are also people who speak Min dialect in the east of the city. Guangzhou and Dongguan in the west mainly speak Cantonese, so some people in the west also speak Cantonese. In addition, some people in Boluo and Longmen also speak "local dialect".

Huizhou is the intersection of Hakka, Cantonese and Min languages, but there are still many people who speak Hakka here. There is a dialect called "Tuhua" in Huicheng District, which is essentially Hakka dialect greatly influenced by Guangfu dialect. According to the comparative calculation of the data of various local chronicles in Huizhou, among the nearly 3 million people in Huizhou, there are more than 2 million people who speak Hakka, more than 400,000 people who speak Guangfu, more than 300,000 people who speak Minnan dialect, more than 60,000 people who speak Pinghaijun dialect, She dialect, Luxi dialect and other special dialects, as well as immigrants from the Three Gorges and southern cadres. New and old Hakkas live in harmony, feeling like a family, and there is no xenophobia in other places.

Hakka dialect is the largest Chinese dialect in Huizhou, which is distributed in most areas of counties (cities, districts) under Huizhou's jurisdiction, including all towns in Huicheng District and Huiyang District, most towns in Longmen County and Huidong County, and most towns in Boluo County. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 2 million Hakkas in Huizhou, accounting for about 80% of the total population. From the cultural and historical background, the ancestors of Hakkas are Han people in the Yellow River valley. At the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, they began to go south to central Jiangxi to escape the war. From the late Tang Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty, it spread to Shao, Mei, Xunhui and other states on Guangnan East Road, and later migrated to the southeast on a larger scale. These immigrants have kept a strong clan concept and inherent cultural customs for a long time, and gradually formed Hakka dialect based on Meizhou dialect, which is distributed in eastern Guangdong and northern Guangdong. Huizhou Hakka dialect evolved in such a long historical process.

The language pedigree of Huizhou Hakka dialect belongs to Sino-Tibetan language family-Chinese language family-Hakka dialect-Cantonese-Taiwanese language piece-Hui Mei piece, and its pronunciation is very close to Meizhou sound as a whole. Huizhou Hakka dialect also has its own characteristics, and it is not very consistent internally. Generally speaking, Huiyang and Huidong Hakka dialects have a large population and a wide distribution area, which can better represent Huizhou Hakka dialects. Longmen Hakka dialect has some other characteristics because people who use this dialect also use Longmen dialect (Cantonese), and Boluo Hakka dialect also has its own characteristics. The Hakka dialect in Huicheng District differs from other places only in one tone. In addition, county (city) Hakka dialect can also be divided into sub-dialects. Huizhou dialect in Huicheng district, Boluocheng dialect in Boluo county and Pingpo dialect in Huidong county are considered as a special dialect group of Hakka dialect, and these sub-dialects are also part of Huizhou Hakka dialect. Huizhou has been the political, economic and cultural center of south-central Guangdong since the Song Dynasty. Due to frequent communication with the East and the West for a long time, Huizhou Hakka dialect has incorporated some phonetic features of Cantonese and Chaoshan dialect, and cannot be regarded as the representative of Huizhou Hakka dialect. In Huiyang District, there are more people who use Hakka dialect and are less influenced by other dialects. Danshui Town speaks Hakka. Therefore, the Hakka dialect in Tangbian Village of Danshui Town is chosen as the representative of Huizhou Hakka dialect. Danshui Hakka dialect has 16 initials, 50 finals and 6 tones.

Township offices in Huizhou, which are mainly Hakka, are: Danshui, Aotou, Xia Yong, Shatian, Qiuchang, Xinwei, Zhenlong, Chen Jiang, Tonghu, Hu Yong, Liangjing, Pingtan, Ma 'an, Shuikou, Hengli, Aipi, Dalan, Luzhou, Baihua, Pingshan, Liang Hua, Tieyong and Zhen. Huzhen, Changning, Henghe, Yihe, Futian, Pingling, Longjiang, Nankun Mountain, Ma Bei, Ruhu, Sandong, Xiaojinkou, Huihuan, Henan, Jiangbei, Xiajiao, Longfeng, Qiaodong, Qiaoxi, Guanyinge, Yangcun, Taimei, Longxi, Longhua and Huantu * * * 66. There are also six towns and villages, such as Tiantangshan, Yonghan, Shajing, Zuotan and Dipai, which are mixed with some residents who speak Hakka. A total of about 2 million people, accounting for about 86% of the city's total population.

Hakka dialect is a common language with the widest spread and the largest population in Huizhou. About 86% of the population in this city. Among the seven or eight dialects in Huizhou, Hakka dialect is the most powerful and influential one. On the one hand, the vast majority of Huizhou residents speak Hakka (nearly 90%), on the other hand, Hakka has long been the "official language" or "working language" for administrative organs at all levels to communicate. This makes the whole Huizhou, whether in mountainous areas, along the river or along the coast, take Hakka as the main official working language and the common communication language in the city. Therefore, in Huizhou, non-Hakka residents can speak Hakka, but not all Hakkas can speak Fulao dialect and military dialect. This dominant position of Hakka dialect makes it constantly influence and penetrate other dialects in the city. Language is the first step for people to feel Huizhou customs, so in Huizhou, people often say: "If you want to know Huizhou, you must start with Hakka dialect?" .

The residents who speak Fulao dialect in Huizhou are mainly concentrated in Huidong County and Huiyang District, of which Huidong County has about 230,000 people, mainly distributed in Huangbu, Yanzhou, Gangkou, Pinghai and Pingshan Town, the county seat. There are about 52,800 people in Huiyang, mainly distributed in Pingtan, Ma 'an, Lilin, Luzhou and Hengli. There are differences in Fulao dialect between the two counties. Huidong's Fulao dialect can be divided into Pingshan dialect, Yanzhou dialect and Ouchuan dialect. Huiyang Fu Lao's remarks were not investigated.

The language pedigree of Minnan dialect in Huizhou is Sino-Tibetan language family-Chinese language family-Minnan language-Zhang Quan film-Hui wave plate, represented by Fulao dialect in Pingshan, Huidong County. The old saying of Huizhou Prefecture is close to Minnan dialect in Fujian, which is quite different from Chaoshan dialect in eastern Guangdong. From the phonological system, Fulao dialect in Huidong, represented by Minnan dialect in Pingshan, is similar to Fulao dialect in Lufeng, with initial consonant 18, vowel 57 and tone 7.

There are four towns in Huizhou, namely, Gangkou, Yanzhou, Huangbu and Rentu, where Minnan dialect is the main dialect, as well as Pingshan, Daling, Liang Hua, Renshan, Geelong, Aotou, Ma 'an, Zengguang, Yangcun, Taimei, Guanyinge and Longxi 12 towns, and some residents speak Fulao dialect.

Cantonese-speaking residents in Huizhou are mainly distributed in Longmen and Boluo counties, as well as individual towns in Huidong and Huiyang. Specifically, towns and fields such as Longcheng, Wangping, Yonghan, Shaqian, Longhua, Mazha, Tiegang, Zuotan, Dipai, Lantian, Tiantangshan and Oilfield in Longmen; Bos, Shiwan, Jiutan and Yuanzhou towns in Boluo County, Futian and parts of chang ning zhen; In addition, a small number of residents in the port town of Huidong County and Lilin Town of Huiyang District also speak vernacular. The language pedigree of Huizhou vernacular is Cantonese Guangfu film of Han, Tibetan and Han families, which is represented by Longcheng dialect, the seat of Longmen county government, that is, "Longmen dialect" (the representative dialect of Longmen county). Longmen dialect is a kind of Cantonese close to Guangzhou dialect. Guangdong dialect (Guangfu dialect), including county dialect, Dongguan dialect and Zengcheng dialect, has 20 initials, 50 finals and 9 tones.

In Huangsha, Zutang, Chenguang, Gelang, Guangwei, Liangtang, Dipai, Lantian and Tiantangshan in Pingling, Longmen County, a considerable number of local people use a local dialect that is neither Hakka nor Cantonese, with a population of more than 20,000. Most of the components of this dialect are quite close to and homologous to Guangzhou dialect and Longmen dialect, and a few components come from Hakka dialect or are greatly influenced by Hakka dialect. Moreover, in Luxi Town, southeast of Longmen County, the dialect spoken by the local people is influenced by Cantonese, Hakka and other languages, and there are many elements close to Cantonese, but it is basically similar to local dialects such as Ping Ling and Longjiang, with nearly 10,000 users. Both of them belong to the middle and upper reaches of Dongjiang in Guangzhou dialect, and can be regarded as a part of Huizhou vernacular (Cantonese). Longmen dialect (represented by Huangsha dialect) has 20 initials, 53 finals and 8 tones, while Luxi dialect has 22 initials, 55 finals and 6 tones.

There are 13 towns in Huizhou that mainly use Guangfu dialect, including Yuanzhou, Jiutan, Shiwan, Longcheng Town, Wang Ping, Zuotan, Shajing, Lantian Yao Autonomous County, Tiegang, Yonghan, Tiantangshan, Longhua (called Longmen dialect), as well as Dipai, Longxi, Yonghan, Ping Ling, Longjiang and Nankun Mountain. * * * The population is about 300,000, accounting for 10% of the city's total population.

There are three kinds of mixed dialects in Huizhou: military dialect, Jami dialect and local dialect (Huidong). The former is a mixed dialect containing Putonghua, while the latter two are mixed dialects of Cantonese and Hakka. There are many similarities in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar between Jami dialect and local dialect, so some people call it Jami dialect, not two dialects. Zhanmi dialect can be divided into two categories, namely Hakka flavor Zhanmi and Cantonese flavor Zhanmi. Tieyong Zhanmi is the representative of Zhanmi dialect. Wuliang Wei Yong dialect in this town belongs to Cantonese Zhanmi, while Hetan and Western Wei dialects belong to Hakka Zhanmi, which is closer to Huizhou dialect. Military dialects, Jami dialects and "local dialects" are mainly distributed in Huidong County.

Military dialect, also known as military sound, is a mixed Chinese dialect with Mandarin components. The use area is mainly concentrated in Pinghai Town, Huidong County. In addition, there are hundreds of residents who speak military language in Puding Village and Donghai Management Zone in the port town, and all of them are across the river from Pinghai. There are 10,000 people in Pinghai who speak military language, and 70% of them live in cities. Outside the city, there are mainly three old army talking points (since Ming Dynasty): Kwai Hang, Shekeng, Shebei, Da (Xiao) Lin, Foyuan and Da (Xiao) Wan. Pinghaijun dialect has 22 initials, 60 finals and 6 tones.

Zhanmi dialect is a mixed dialect of Huidong Cantonese and Hakka dialect. About 70,000 residents in Huidong County speak Zhanmi dialect, mainly distributed in Tieyong, Jilong, Nianshan and Pinghai towns.

"Dialect" refers to a dialect spoken by Huizhou aborigines with a population of less than 10,000. It is also a mixed dialect of Cantonese and Hakka, which can be classified as Hakka according to dialect types. Mainly distributed in Sansheng and Mingxi in Duozhu, Huidong County, and Tai Po and Jiaotian in Daling.

Hakka dialect is the largest dialect in Huizhou, and Hakka is the largest group in Huizhou. Hakka culture is an indispensable part of Huizhou culture. Although there are many dialects in Huizhou, and the total number of people who speak Minnan dialect, Cantonese and mixed dialects is not small, Hakka dialect is the most populous and powerful dialect in Huizhou. Until the end of last century, Hakka was the social communication language of Huizhou and the most important office language of the party and government organs. No matter which dialect area you go to, Hakka dialect is unimpeded. Therefore, Hakka dialect has become the regional homonym of Huizhou.

With the progress of society and the emergence of new things, the Chinese dialects in Huizhou are also changing gradually, mainly in the introduction of new words and the withdrawal of some old words. At the same time, Hakka dialect, Fulao dialect and vernacular words are also absorbed and used in communication. This makes some changes in the common vocabulary of several dialects.

Due to the popularity of Putonghua and the entry of more foreigners (especially mainlanders), the use of Chinese dialects and Putonghua in Huizhou is also changing, especially in Huicheng District. In public places, the usage rate of dialects is much lower than that of Putonghua. The usage rate of dialects in various counties also tends to decrease.