A summary of American knowledge points in the second volume of seventh grade geography

We should grasp the key points of basic knowledge when studying the seventh grade geography American class. I have compiled a summary of the knowledge points about the United States in the second volume of the seventh grade geography, hoping to help everyone!

Summary of knowledge points in the second volume of seventh grade geography: the United States

1. Overview of the United States: * * There are 48 states and one special zone in the United States. The overseas states are Alaska near the Arctic Circle and Hawaii near the Tropic of Cancer. Most of the United States is located in the north temperate zone, and only Alaska is mostly located.

In the northern cold zone, Hawaii is located in the tropics. The United States is located in the northern hemisphere and the western hemisphere, and its native land borders on the west. Pacific Ocean, ② East? Atlantic Ocean, facing south? Gulf of Mexico, North

The southwest is adjacent to Canada and Mexico; Alaska is close to the Arctic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.

Pingyang; Hawaii is located near the Tropic of Cancer in the Pacific Ocean.

2. Immigrant country: a large number of immigrants gather. The United States is the third most populous country in the world, and its population is mainly composed of European white descendants (84%) and Asian immigrants.

Offspring (yellow race), black (13%, ancestors sold as slaves)

Indigenous people are Indians (yellow race), and the number is small; China and China.

There are nearly 1.6 million overseas Chinese in the United States, and the cities with the largest number of overseas Chinese are San Francisco, Los Angeles and new york.

3. Advantages of specialization in the field of agricultural characteristics: it is conducive to large-scale mechanized production; Conducive to improving agricultural production efficiency; Conducive to the development of agriculture according to local conditions.

4. Topography: Land (Appalachian Mountains). The plain area accounts for more than half of the country's total area, and the cultivated land is vast.

The main irrigation water sources for agriculture are: the largest freshwater lake).

6. The favorable conditions for developing agriculture in the United States:

Location: The United States has a vast territory, most of which are located in temperate and subtropical zones, while Hawaii is located in the tropics, which is rich in heat and is conducive to the development of agricultural production. The United States is surrounded by the sea on three sides and is influenced by the ocean. The climate is warm and humid, which is very beneficial to agricultural production.

(2) Topography: The United States is dominated by plains, which account for more than12 of the country's total area, and the cultivated land is vast, accounting for about 10% of the world's cultivated land. Fertile soil is conducive to agricultural development.

③ Climate: The climate of the United States is dominated by temperate continental climate, which is characterized by diversity. The high temperature period of temperate continental climate is consistent with the rainy period. The annual precipitation in the United States decreases from southeast to northwest, and the precipitation to the east of the Rocky Mountain is more than 500mm, so the water condition is good.

There are many rivers and lakes in America: the Mississippi River is the fourth longest river in the world. It runs through the central part of the United States, with a large amount of water and a wide basin area. The Great Lakes are the largest freshwater lakes in the world. The Mississippi River and the Great Lakes provide good conditions for agricultural irrigation. With superior natural conditions, the United States has vigorously developed agriculture and become a world agricultural power. The output and export volume of many agricultural products are among the highest in the world. America is the country that exports the most agricultural products in the world. The output and export of corn and soybean rank first in the world.

8. American industry

(1), the base of the world's high-tech industry: the United States is the world's first economic power, with a high degree of industrial modernization, complete industrial departments, world-leading output value, rich varieties of new products and large output. Many industrial products rank among the major industrial countries in the world, which is the key factor for the United States to become the first economic power. The United States has always paid attention to the development of knowledge economy and vigorously developed knowledge-intensive high-tech industries. At present, the economic growth in the United States mainly comes from the development of high-tech industries. The earliest and largest high-tech industrial center in the United States is Silicon Valley in the southeast of San Francisco.

9. Resource-consuming countries: The developed economy of the United States is based on the massive consumption of global resources and the destruction of the earth's environment, so the United States is also the largest resource consumer and waste emitter in the world and should bear the main responsibility for the sustainable development of world resources and environment.

Summary of knowledge points in the second volume of geography in grade seven (1)

Russia

1, geographical location: Russia has a high latitude, and most of it is located in the north temperate zone. European countries across the Eurasian continent: Although the area of Europe is only 1/4, its population accounts for 3/4. Industry, agriculture, capital and major cities are all located in Europe and have always been the political, economic and cultural centers of the country in history. So it has always been recognized as a European country. ), also across the eastern and western hemispheres. It faces the Baltic Sea in the west, the Arctic Ocean in the north, the Pacific Ocean in the east, and North America across the Bering Strait and the Black Sea in the southwest. The main neighboring countries are Finland, Belarus and Ukraine in the west and Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea in the south.

2. Russia is the largest country in the world, with the longest distance from east to west and the widest longitude across Asia and Europe.

3. Climate type and characteristics: temperate continental climate is dominant, and climate characteristics: long and cold winter and short and warm summer. There are great differences among regions, with cold polar climate in the north, Mediterranean climate and temperate grassland climate in the south and temperate monsoon climate in the east.

(Find out the following knowledge points in Figure 7.45 of Book 4 1 page, and remember the location:)

5. Terrain: relatively flat, mainly plain.

From west to east, it is: Eastern Europe Plain, Western Siberia Plain, Central Siberia Plateau, Eastern Siberia Mountain,

Mountains: Urals, the Great Caucasus Mountains.

6. Rivers and lakes: The Volga River is the longest river in Europe. It is called Mother Volga and flows into the Caspian Sea. Rich in water power, it is the most important inland waterway, called. Navigation between the five seas? ; Ob river, Yenisei and Lega rivers are rich in energy and have a long freezing period. Lake Baikal is the deepest lake in the world.

Find out the following knowledge points in Figure 7.48 on page 44 of the book, and remember the location:

7. Resources: Russia is rich in natural resources and reserves. It is one of the few big countries in the world that can be self-sufficient. The main minerals are: oil, natural gas, coal, iron ore, non-ferrous metals and so on. The main mining areas are: Kursk Iron Mine, Tyumen Oilfield, Second Baku Oilfield and Kuzbas Coal Mine.

8. Russia has the largest coniferous forest in the sub-frigid zone in the world, so it is rich in forest resources.

9. Industrial characteristics: heavy industry is developed, while consumer goods manufacturing (light industry) develops slowly.

10, industry distribution: mainly distributed in Europe.

The main industrial zones are: St. Petersburg Industrial Zone, Moscow Industrial Zone, Ural Industrial Zone and Novosibirsk Industrial Zone.

1 1. Transportation: Russia has a complete transportation department, with developed railways, highways, aviation, inland rivers and pipelines, mainly railways. Russia's railway network in Europe is very dense, radiating from Moscow; The Asian railway network is sparse, and there is a railway across Asia and Europe called? Eurasian Continental Bridge? This part of Russia is called trans-siberian railway.

12, two main modes of transportation: road and railway; Russian passenger transport is mainly by railway and highway, and freight transport is mainly by pipeline and railway; Pipeline transportation is a new mode of transportation that combines lines and means of transportation, mainly transporting oil and natural gas. )

13. Why is Abel Railway built along the southern mountainous area? The first reason is that the southern mountainous areas are rich in mineral resources. Secondly, because of the high latitude, cold all the year round and low temperature in northern Russia, the frozen soil layer is deep. It is difficult to build a railway on frozen soil, and the safety factor is low.

14. Find out the following main ports in Figure 7.50 on page 46 of this book:

Murmansk (an ice-free port north of the Arctic Circle), St. Petersburg (Russia's second largest city and major port, near the Baltic Sea) and Vladivostok (also known as Vladivostok, the starting point of the Eurasian Continental Bridge, near the Pacific Ocean).

15。 Moscow is the capital and largest city of Russia and the political, economic, cultural and transportation center of the whole country. There are the famous Red Square and the Kremlin.

Summary of knowledge points in the second volume of geography in grade seven (2)

The reason why the Middle East has become a long-term hot issue;

1. Important geographical location: land of two oceans, three continents and five seas. (the junction of Asia, Africa and Europe) (Caspian Sea, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea and Arabian Sea).

2. Abundant oil resources: At present, the Middle East is the region with the largest oil reserves, the largest oil production and export volume in the world. Oil in the Middle East is transported by tankers from ports along the Persian Gulf to countries such as Western Europe, the United States and Japan.

(1) to Japan.

Persian Gulf? The Strait of Hormuz? Indian Ocean? Malacca Strait? Pacific Ocean? Japan

(2) shipped to western Europe, the United States.

Persian Gulf? The Strait of Hormuz? Arabian Sea? Mandham Canyon? Red Sea? Suez canal? Mediterranean? The Strait of Gibraltar? Atlantic? Western Europe, USA

(3) shipped to western Europe, the United States.

Persian Gulf? The Strait of Hormuz? Arabian Sea? Indian Ocean? Bypass the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa? Atlantic? Western Europe, USA

3. Abundant water resources: The Middle East is located on the west coast, within the mainland where the Tropic of Cancer passes, and it is hot and dry all the year round, with a tropical desert climate.

4. An important cause of instability in the Middle East.