The origin of the name of China Socialist Party

1920 in August, Chen Duxiu initiated the establishment of the first early organization of the China * * * production party. On September 1920 and 1 day, Chen Duxiu called our party "socialist party" and later renamed it "* * * producer party" in his article "My Opinion on the Current Situation" published by New Youth.

After the May 4th Movement, with the spread of Marxism in China, a group of early Marxists appeared in China, and some of them began to engage in activities among workers, thus preliminarily combining the China Workers' Movement with Marxism. The combination of Marxism and the workers' movement inevitably requires the emergence of proletarian political parties. 1920 1 month, someone published "labor organization and political parties" in newspapers and periodicals, calling on "labor organization to become a big political party by itself". 1920 65438+ 10, Li Dazhao personally escorted Chen Duxiu to Tianjin by mule car. On the way, the two men discussed the issue of building a party in China. 1920 in April, Russian Far East Bureau * * * approved by * * Production International to send Wei and others to China. First I met Li Dazhao in Beijing, and then Li Dazhao introduced them to Shanghai to find Chen Duxiu. In Shanghai, they held many talks with Chen Duxiu, Shen, Shen and others. Through the talks, some Marxists unanimously agreed to take the Russian road. With the direct support of Wei, radical intellectuals in Shanghai, headed by Chen Duxiu, began to accelerate the establishment of * * * production organizations in the second half of 1920. 1June, 920, the early organization of Shanghai * * * production party was established in the editorial department of "New Youth" (that is, Chen Duxiu Mansion) at No.2 Laoyuyangli, the French Concession in Shanghai (now No.2 Lane of Nanchang Road 100).

1September, 920, Chen Duxiu published "My Opinion on the Current Situation" in New Youth, calling himself the "Socialist Party" for the first time. "Our party's attitude towards the law is neither superstitious like jurists nor completely exclusive like anarchist parties. We hope that the law will gradually progress with the metabolism of class political parties, and eventually socialist legislation and a working country will emerge. " 192010/6 Shen Bao: He reported that Chen Duxiu, a socialist party, came to Shanghai to collude with the Russian Party, set up a machine trade union in the concession, and published magazines to advocate socialism, which was strictly prohibited by the military and police. 1920 10.20 Reprinted in the Daily of the Republic of China: Yesterday, I read in your newspaper that Chen Duxiu, the Socialist Party, colluded with the Russian Party and Liu Helin, organized a machine trade union in the concession and published magazines and other languages. Secondly, there are memoirs as evidence. Recalling the early days of the founding of the Party, Zhang Shenfu said: As for the name of the Party, whether it is the socialist party or the * * * production party, Chen Duxiu couldn't decide for himself, so he wrote to me and asked me to tell Li Shouchang. The letter is very long, mainly about party building. It says "Only you and Shou Chang can talk about this matter in Peking University" (to this effect). Why? First, because Chen Duxiu is a senior in liberal arts at Peking University, he knows many people, but some people don't engage in politics, so it's not suitable to talk about it, and party building is conducted in secret. Second, when Chen Duxiu was in Beijing, he often stayed with Shouchang and me. He often comes to the office of Director Li of Peking University Library (two rooms near the southeast corner on the first floor of the Red Building), and they agree. He runs new youth and we often write articles. ..... So it is no accident that Chen Duxiu said that "only you and Shou Chang can talk about this matter at Peking University". What was the name of the founding party at that time? Not sure. Ask for our advice. I studied with Shouchang, called the * * * Production Party. That's what the Third International means. We wrote back.

The background at that time was that after the First World War, the working class in many countries began to establish political party organizations, such as the "Social Democratic Party" in Russia and the "Socialist Party" in the United States. Under the influence of this trend, 19 19, the international congress of capitalism was held in Moscow, Kremlin, and 52 representatives from 35 political parties and organizations from 2/kloc-0 countries in Europe, America and Asia attended the meeting. Liu Shaozhou and Zhang Yongkui, two leaders of the Russian Federation of Chinese Workers in China, gave a speech on "Russian society". By analyzing the initial organizations of working-class political parties in the world at that time, we can see that in the early days of their establishment, these organizations had mixed personnel, including bourgeois reformists and anarchists, so most of them were labeled as "socialist political parties".1April 920, with the approval of * * * Production International, the Russian Far East Bureau was sent to China to help build the party. During his immigration to North America, Vikinsky joined the American Socialist Party (1913-1918). Considering Wei's background, it is not difficult to understand why the early organization of the Shanghai * * * Production Party, which was established with his help, was called the "Socialist Party". At the same time, we can also get a glimpse of the cover changes of New Youth magazine. After the early organization of Shanghai * * * Production Party was established, New Youth magazine publicized its position. From September, 65438 to September, 0920, the cover of New Youth magazine became the same design as that of party emblem, the American Socialist Party. According to Mao Dun, there is a small pattern on the cover of this issue, which is one east and one west, and two big hands are holding each other on the earth. Chen Duxiu and other fans of Shanghai New Youth have had contact with Vygotsky. Change the cover of the magazine to the party emblem pattern of the American Socialist Party. It should be based on the relationship between Vygotsky and the American Socialist Party.

After the Russian revolution, some social democratic parties in western Europe began to split. These leftists in the party have organized the * * * Production Party and joined the Third International. For example, the American Socialist Party was founded in 190 1, which absorbed various major social forces, reached its peak in 19 19, and split into three factions in 19 19, namely, the Socialist Party, the * * * Production Party and. British Socialist Party 19 19 is also divided into * * * Production Party and Labour Party, etc. Guided by the international background that the socialist parties in Europe and America split to form the * * * production party, it is bound to bring short-term hesitation to the members of the early China * * production organization, confirming Zhang Shenfu's "What is the name of the party, the socialist party or the * * * production party? Chen Duxiu can't decide for himself, so write to me and let me tell Li Shouchang ". Based on the research of historical data and background, can we draw the conclusion that the early Shanghai * * * organization, which was established in June, 1920, had the choice of "socialist party" and "* * * production party" at the beginning, but it preferred to use the name of "socialist party" at the beginning.

The split of socialist political parties in Europe and America and the successive establishment of * * * producers' political parties have been transmitted to the early * * * producers in China, which is bound to cause them to rethink the appellation of early party organizations. Chen Duxiu issued a document on August 22nd, 1920, pointing out that it is certainly impossible for workers to improve their situation without organizing a group. However, another 10,000 workers' organizations in Shanghai will not do. ..... Awakening workers! Hurry up and unite to form a real workers' group! 1on August 3rd, 920, Cai Hesen, who was studying in Europe, wrote to Mao Zedong that the initiator, leader, vanguard and war department of the Party (Socialist Party or Producer Party) were the nerve center of the proletarian movement. ..... I think we should organize a party first-* * make a party. Because he is the initiator, propagandist, vanguard and war department of the revolutionary movement, he must be organized first, and then trade unions and cooperatives, so as to form a favorable organization. On September 16, I wrote another letter to Mao Zedong: I sent a long letter last month, mainly to publicize Marxism and the Russian revolution, but the focus was on organizing the * * * production party. I believe that mass movements, workers' movements and reform movements will not be strong and thorough unless they are consistent with Russia in organization (the principles and methods are the same). In order to better align with the European and American * * * production parties and realize the transformation from the socialist party to the * * * production party.