Regional cultural characteristics

The number of dialects in China is not clear, especially in the south (there are many dialects because of inconvenient transportation in mountainous areas)

Dialect can increase the feelings between people, and some meanings can only be expressed clearly in dialect.

Although the written language in China is unified, the dialects are always different.

Dialect has become a supplement to media communication beyond words.

There were many different dialects in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

China people's so-called "hometown" can be divided into Datong township and small hometown, and they usually have to be in the same dialect. In political activities, people often come together, and their interests are often easier to reach agreement.

The example of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang-hometown was reused (dialect was more convenient)-was similar in every dynasty after that.

Song Taizu-The Prime Minister can't use southerners. Southerners speak dialects that northerners can't understand.

Li Zu was born in Shaoxing, but he can't speak Shaoxing dialect.

Weng Tonghe's ancestral home is Changshu, Jiangsu, but he can't speak the dialect there.

Both of them grew up in the north, so there will be no language problems, and they already belong to the eight major cultural cuisines in the north.

Delicacies and seafood can be transported, but the daily diet of ordinary people is different. For example, Tibetan butter tea is mainly made from local materials or transported to the local area, so local people can often afford it.

Senior Sichuan food is not spicy.

Eat in different ways. For example, in some places, religious consciousness is weak, and it is the habit of China people to eat on the kang, which has been the case since ancient times. But there are strong folk beliefs everywhere.

In addition to the general big religion, the beliefs of ordinary people have a strong regional character.

Sichuan-Erlangshen-Dujiangyan was built by Li Bing. It is said that Erlang God is the son of Li Bing, who is in charge of water control and Sichuan floods and droughts, so he will believe him.

There are locusts in the north. It is said that General Liu Meng can cure locusts, so he worships locusts everywhere.

Jiangxi believes in Xu Zhenjun. It is said that he is good at treating jiaozi (dragons bring mountain torrents).

Jiangnan Xin can sang Niang Niang

Fujian people believed in Mazu (Maureen, the patron saint of the sea, who was able to see a doctor and rescue shipwrecked sailors, and later died while rescuing shipwrecked sailors. She was regarded as a goddess-from the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, there were many records of Mazu saving the ship, so she began to be enshrined)

Folk beliefs are local, and without this place, there is no longer the meaning of existence. Temples, pagodas, yamen = public * * * buildings = pay attention to ostentation and extravagance and grade, which can't reflect the local reality.

Residential buildings must conform to local conditions (building materials, etc.). )

Living in caves in some places is determined by geographical conditions, but also because of poverty and lack of wood and stones.

Fujian tulou is also suitable for local characteristics.

Buildings imported from other places are either luxuries of the rich or fashions.

However, if foreign buildings can adapt to local characteristics, they may also become local architectural characteristics.

The Shikumen house in Shanghai was an exotic architectural style introduced by the British during the colonial period, but it was accepted by Shanghainese and changed slightly, becoming the local characteristics of Shanghai. -Especially in the case of inconvenient transportation (ancient times)

Large regional differences-large material base differences-large living habits differences.

There are great cultural differences between the south and the north of China.

Different natural conditions-China is divided into many different regions.

The geographical dividing line between north and south of China is Huaihe River, Tongbai Mountains, Dabie Mountains and Qinling Mountains.

Shaanxi is partly in the north and partly in the south-it is from a military point of view that cultural differences were broken after the reunification of the Yuan Dynasty. So the culture in southern Shaanxi is similar to that in Sichuan, because it has always been a culture formed by the same geography.

After Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor, he wanted to benefit his hometown and run a middle school (Fengyang, Anhui), but the cultural differences brought about by regional differences could not be changed. In order to balance the economies of both sides, the Qing Dynasty was divided into Anhui and Jiangsu from south to north.

Dietary differences between wheat and rice in north and south.

Without the natural environment, regional culture can hardly exist. The best example is that Manchu banners outside Beiguan changed their culture after they entered Beijing.

Historically, foreigners (nomadic culture) have entered the Central Plains many times and accepted Chinese culture (agricultural culture) because the land of the Han people is more suitable for agricultural development.

The great cultural differences in geography are due to the poor transportation capacity in ancient times.

At that time, the most convenient transportation was the North-South Grand Canal, and it took a long time for the fastest speed to travel from Hangzhou to Beijing.

In the era when there was no mechanical transportation, it was very difficult to exchange materials, because the grain carriers had to eat by themselves.

In ancient times, the southeast economy was good, but it was difficult to transport it to the northwest because it went upstream.

The inconvenience of communication and transportation leads to the division of places-the formation of regional culture.

In places with inconvenient transportation, there is a habit of worshipping mountain gods and river gods-being separated in a certain place for a long time, which has produced ideas, feelings and even spiritual worship for this place. People in mountainous areas, when they see mountains every day, worship some mountains and think that God lives on them.

The ancestors of the Han nationality (Huaxia) also worship mountains, so there are five mountains.

Southerners are hardworking and northerners are lazy, which is also related to climate and geographical conditions. Because there were a lot of people and little land in the ancient north, it was not suitable for farming in winter, and it became lazy over time. The south has been short of land, and the climate allows repeated farming, so southerners have to work hard, so work hard.

Xiongnu's fertility rate is low, so it is not easy to have a child, so women should get married and have more children, so when their father dies, their mother will marry her son and continue to have children.

There is a custom of betrothing a wife in some parts of Zhejiang Province. In the history of China, the population moved a lot, especially after the Qing Dynasty. Where are our roots?

Floating population may not have a sense of belonging to local culture, but immigrants are different and will accept it.

Immigrants adopt or change local culture.

For a long time, it was the Chinese ancestors of the Central Plains in the Yellow River Basin who went south and spread the culture of the Central Plains to the whole country.

The Yongjia Rebellion at the end of the Western Jin Dynasty —— China began to emigrate for a century —— the northern Central Plains culture spread to the south —— and by the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the cultural level of the south of the Yangtze River had not lagged behind that of the north.

But it was the modern times (after the Qing Dynasty) that had a great influence.

Modern immigrants have the greatest influence on today's regional culture.

Historically, Jiangxi people moved to Huguang, and Huguang immigrated to Sichuan. During the period from Kangxi to Qianlong 100, there were many immigrants. The Qing army razed Sichuan, and there was no one left in Sichuan, so they immigrated to Sichuan, which is known as the Huguang Filling Sichuan Movement. Later, Sichuanese moved to Guizhou and Yunnan, so their language was Southwest Mandarin.

Many people in the north trace back to their hometown. The locust tree in Hongtong is actually a gathering place for immigrants under some locust trees in Shanxi.

Great immigration in the late Qing Dynasty (from 1860, the Qing Dynasty lifted the northeast ban)

"Guandong" is the so-called "land of Longxing" in the Qing Dynasty.

After the Opium War broke out, in order to consolidate the frontier, the Qing Dynasty allowed Han people to enter the customs. Therefore, the ancestors of today's Northeast people are not only nomadic minorities, Manchu, Korean and Mongolian, but also the Han nationality who immigrated to the customs and the Central Plains in the north.

Shanghai's culture has been changed by immigrants. = product of Chinese and foreign immigrants * * *

1843 Shanghai has a population of a little over 500,000.

Population100000.

1949 population 6 million

The origin of Shanghainese

(1) local farmers

(2) Immigrants from Jiangsu and Zhejiang-the regional culture they introduced was originally the most developed in China at that time.

(3) Foreigners-foreign cultures were introduced into China.

1942, the number of foreigners exceeded 120000.

It was 28 thousand in the early days of liberation, and it has been decreasing since then.

(4) Jews-Shanghai doesn't like visa procedures.

Shanghai has become a place where eastern and western cultures meet. Shanghai, a place where cultures from all over China gather, is relatively open, with 80% of the population coming from other places.

There are a lot of loanwords in Shanghai dialect.

Tianjin is also a veritable immigrant city = 40% locals and 60% foreigners (mostly civilians, mainly Anhui and Hebei in the early days).

Military culture, court culture and food culture.

Tianjin dialect is also the product of immigrants-the earliest military immigrants stationed in Tianjinwei, the frontier (in the early Ming Dynasty), were recruited by people from Jianghuai generation (now northern Anhui)-and by the Ming Dynasty, their accents were always the same. Tianjin dialect, that is, the accents of those people changed their local accents at that time.

Culture is inseparable from people.

Factors affecting local culture

When the number of immigrants is strong, or when the political economy is strong, foreign culture will replace local culture.

With a small number of immigrants and no economic and social status, local culture will be preserved and immigrants will accept local culture.

The aborigines are quite similar, and the two cultures merge with each other to form a new culture.

Su Dongpo exiled Hainan and transformed its regional culture.

The role of a great man. Before centralization, enfeoffment was the mainstream. Western Zhou Dynasty enfeoffed 7 1 vassal state. Due to the inconvenient communication at that time, the central government could not directly manage the localities.

The personal will of the rulers has a great influence-the habits of various vassal States are determined by the kings, such as Zhao Wuling, Wang, Qi She (Han people learn from ethnic minorities), and Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, for example, learns from Han culture.

China has always been based on agriculture, so the rulers have been promoting agriculture (this industry) and not supporting the development of other industries (the last industry)

In history, scholars think that agriculture is the most important, so they attach more importance to agriculture than commerce, and constantly promote agriculture.

After liberation, Putonghua, which is based on the northern modern Central Plains dialect, was vigorously promoted, and dialects began to die out.

So is Taiwan Province Province. After the Kuomintang regime came to Taiwan Province Province, Chiang Kai-shek vigorously promoted Putonghua to unite people everywhere.

Cheongsam and the so-called Tang suit were forcibly promoted by Manchu after entering the customs-instead, they became a manifestation of China culture.

During the Qing Dynasty, China's clothing changed. All ethnic groups will bring culture when they migrate, but they will change because of different geographical conditions.

Mutual absorption and influence of minority culture and Han culture

Chairs and beds are the products of minority cultures.

China's folk music basically comes from ethnic minorities and spreads from the west.

Grottoes and other arts are also dominated by ethnic minorities