What is the reason why Britain defeated France in the struggle for colonial hegemony?

What is the reason why Britain defeated France in the struggle for colonial hegemony?

/kloc-In the second half of the 7th century, Britain first defeated the Netherlands in colonial expansion, and then waged a long-term colonial war with France for world colonial hegemony. From 1688? Glorious revolution? Later, by the end of the Seven-Year War in 1763, Britain and France fought four important colonial wars. As a result, Britain defeated France, seized the world colonial hegemony and became? The sun never sets? Colonial empire. So, what is the reason why Britain defeated France? In this regard, this paper analyzes from the following aspects:

First, the two countries have different emphasis on external expansion. France is more interested in European hegemony than overseas colonial expansion, so it has long been mainly committed to the territorial expansion of the European continent. Since16th century, French rulers have been trying to seize the territory of Italy, and they have been fighting for hegemony with the Habsburg dynasty of Austria for a long time. It was not until the end of 18 that France began to pay attention to overseas expansion after the Bourbon dynasty was overthrown. Britain, on the other hand, has given priority to overseas commerce and maritime hegemony since the17th century. Moreover, in order to defeat France and seize the world colonial hegemony, Britain stood on the opposite side of France on the European continent, supported the augsburg alliance formed by Germany and Spain with money and weapons, and let them fight against France, while concentrating its naval forces against France overseas. This has caused the strength difference between the two countries in overseas expansion, and made Britain in an advantageous position in overseas competition.

Second, the number of British overseas immigrants is much larger than that of French immigrants. The difference in the number of overseas immigrants between the two countries is mainly caused by different policies. France banned French Protestants from moving to colonies, while Britain adopted a laissez-faire attitude towards Protestants. In addition, France has fertile land, and French farmers are reluctant to emigrate. (High School History) British farmers lost their land and were displaced because of the enclosure movement, so they had to go overseas to make a living. There are also a few squires in Britain who are in trouble because of rising prices and fixed land rent. At the same time, because most of them believed in Puritanism, they lost the qualification to hold official positions, so these people also became immigrants in the New World. By 1688, there were 300,000 British immigrants living in the coastal areas of British colonies in North America. In France, only 20,000 immigrants are scattered in Canada and the Mississippi River valley. There were a large number of immigrants in the British colonies, which greatly strengthened the fighting capacity of the British army in the Anglo-French War. The support of immigrants became an important reason why Britain defeated France in North America.

Third, Britain has developed industries and a solid economic foundation. /kloc-in the middle of the 0/6th century, British industry grew rapidly, not only those old industrial sectors, but also some new industrial sectors developed rapidly. The main reasons are as follows: the thirty years' war increased the demand for military materials and hindered the development of mining, metallurgy and chemical industry in Britain; The new technology brought by immigrants from Germany, France and Flanders also promoted the development of industry; /kloc-The enclosure movement that began at the end of 0/5 provided labor, raw materials and markets for the development of British industry. Although the output of French industry is almost the same as that of Britain, its population is more than three times that of Britain. French industry mainly produces luxury goods, while British industry mainly produces textiles and metal products, so French industry lags behind Britain in quality. The rapid development of British industry is not only conducive to the establishment of a strong navy, but also becomes the economic basis of the war against France.

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Fourth, the British navy is strong. As an island country, Britain has always attached importance to naval construction, especially during the bourgeois revolution, and is more keen on large-scale naval construction. 1649? From 65438 to 0652, more warships were built than the whole Stuart dynasty. Among them, 30 warships were decided to be built in autumn of 1652. By the18th century, the strength of the British navy was second to none not only in Europe, but also in the world. Britain thus established its maritime hegemony. The British navy played the most important role in the colonial war between Britain and France, especially it cut off the connection between the French colony and the suzerain country, leaving it in a state of isolation and helplessness, and most of it was finally taken away by Britain.