Social undertakings in Sydney

Most municipal activities in Sydney are directed by the state government. These activities include public transport, main roads, traffic control, police, kindergarten education and major infrastructure projects. Because Sydney has a large population in New South Wales, the state government has traditionally been reluctant to develop government agencies throughout Sydney to avoid competition between the two sides. For this reason, Sydney has often become the political focus of the state and federal parliaments. For example, since 1945, the election scope of Sydney has been greatly changed by the state government at least four times to create an advantage over the then ruling party of the New South Wales Parliament.

As mentioned above, since 1945, the election scope of Sydney has been greatly changed by the state government at least four times to create an advantage for the then ruling party of the New South Wales Parliament. Subsequently, the Australian Labor Party and the Australian Liberal Party took over, and the governments of the two major parties successively re-planned the election scope, including the inner suburbs that traditionally supported them and excluding the inner suburbs that traditionally did not support them.

Facing the split situation of the Sydney Parliament, the Australian Liberal Party reorganized in 1987 and merged the southern suburbs into the new South Sydney Parliament. It is said that this is to create an advantage for the Liberal Party, because the southern suburbs have always been the source of votes for the Labour Party.

In 2004, the Australian Labor State Government merged the parliaments of Sydney and South Sydney and restored them to their original state. Some critics point out that this means that the Labor Party, which already controls the state government, intends to establish a "super parliament" to take power. After the merger of the Parliament, the election was held on March 27th, 2004. Clover Moore, an independent candidate, defeated Michael Lee, a high-profile Labour candidate and former federal minister, and was elected as the mayor of Sydney. Some critics pointed out that this shows that voters strongly oppose the intention of the Labour Party to establish a "super parliament". China formally established diplomatic relations with Australia in 1972, and then set up a consulate general in Sydney in March 1979. New South Wales is twinned with Guangdong Province in China. To this end, Guangdong Province built a building with China national characteristics-China Garden in Sydney Lover's Harbor to commemorate it.

sister city

In order to promote cultural exchanges, trade and tourism, Sydney City Council has established sister city relations with the following cities:

San Francisco

Nagoya

Wellington

Portsmouth

Toronto

Florence

Guangzhou

Wuhan Sydney is home to many famous universities in Australia, including the University of Sydney, the first university in Australia established in 1850. Since the establishment of 1850, the University of Sydney has become Australia's oldest and most prestigious top institution in the world. There are five other public universities in Australia operating in Sydney, including the University of Technology Sydney and the University of New South Wales. Meanwhile, Macquarie University, western sydney and australian catholic university all have campuses in Sydney. Other affiliated campuses in Sydney include Notre Dame University, La Trobe University, Curtin University, Newcastle University and Wollongong University.

There are four cross-campus public technical and continuing education colleges in Sydney, which provide tertiary vocational training: Sydney Technical College, North Sydney Technical and Continuing Education College, West Sydney Technical and Continuing Education College and Southwest Sydney Technical and Continuing Education College.

There are public schools, missionary schools and private schools in Sydney. Public schools, including kindergartens, primary schools and secondary schools. Special education is under the jurisdiction of the New South Wales Department of Education and Training. There are four state-run education districts in Sydney, which co-ordinate 9 19 schools. Selective schools are institutions of higher education that admit students according to certain standards (usually academic tests).

There are six universities in Sydney. They are:

University of New South Wales (UNSW)

University of Sydney University of Sydney

University of Technology Sydney (UTS)

Macquarie University

West Sydney, western sydney (UWS)

Australian catholic university, australian catholic university (ACU) Sydney is an international metropolis with highly developed urban infrastructure and convenient transportation. Sydney Airport is one of the major airports in Australia. At present, there are 37 international routes, with 420 departure flights and 230 return flights every week. Sydney has not only railways to all parts of the country, but also subways, light rail trains and ferry boats in the urban area, which can not only relieve traffic pressure, but also carry out city sightseeing. Public transportation is not very expensive, but taxis in Sydney are very expensive. The journey from the airport to the Central Railway Station is less than 10 km, and it costs about 50 Australian dollars (equivalent to 300 RMB; 20 13 10 exchange rate). Sydney is an important national and regional communication service center in Australia. The National Satellite System Management Center is located in Sydney. Australia's coaxial cable and optical cable connecting Tasmania and Southeast Asia began in Sydney, where the headquarters of the country's three major commercial television stations (7, 9 and 10) are built, and the headquarters of ABC and SBS are also located here.

railway

Sydney has a huge network of trains, buses and ferries. Trains in Sydney are operated by a railway company under the New South Wales government. Sydney's railway network is all concentrated in the underground of the metropolitan area, that is, the city loop. Then, it reaches the suburbs through Grand Central Station or Sydney Harbour Bridge. This service is provided by the city railway. In addition, the train also provides regional rail service to and from towns in New South Wales, which is provided by CountryLink. However, in the years after the 2000 Summer Olympic Games, the performance of the Metro declined significantly. Public anger led the railway authorities to launch a new timetable, hire more drivers, and make major infrastructure plans, especially the urban railway route cleaning plan. The new schedule aims at reducing services to achieve higher reliability. On some routes, such as the Inner West District, the train service only runs during peak hours. In addition to the improvement measures since 2004, the improvement measures for infrastructure construction are not expected to be completed until 20 10. In response to public criticism of the unsatisfactory railway service, the government announced a new reform plan. This project is called "route cleaning" plan, which integrates the original route into five new routes: eastern suburbs &; Irava Cable), Bankstown Line, Campbell Town Express, Dongshan Airport and South Line (Airport &; Amp south line and northwest line. The project is expected to be completed in 20 10, and the cost is about 100000 Australian dollars.

The project also includes a new 13km railway from Epping to Chatswood Line, connecting Epping on the northern line and Chatswood on the northern line. Three new railway stations were built along the way, including North Ryder, Macquarie University and Macquarie Park, which were opened to traffic on February 23rd, 2009.

There is a private light rail line in Sydney-Metro Light Rail, which goes through the Central Station along the old freight route to Tian Lili. Sydney monorail surrounds the main shopping area and Darling Harbour. This service is mainly for tourists, but it is not convenient to go back and forth because the track coverage area is too small. Sydney was once equipped with a huge tram network, but it was gradually closed in the 1960s and 1970s.

Buses are available in most areas of the capital circle, and most of them take the tram route before 1963. Batu lines in urban and suburban areas are owned by Sydney bus company, with frequent flights. As for remote areas, there are different private bus companies, but these bus services are criticized for lack of security and often lack of services during off-peak hours.

highway

Sydney has a huge network of expressways and toll roads, but they are mainly located in the suburbs. This is because many community residents don't want highways to affect their daily quiet life.

Pacific Highway is the main highway in Australia.

airport

Kingsford Smith International Airport, located in the mascot area, is the main airport in Sydney and a commercial airport with a long history in the world. The relatively small Bankstown Airport mainly serves private and general aviation. Hoxton Park and Camden are aviation training airports. RAAF base Richmond has always been located in the northwest of the city center.

Traffic guide

Aviation: international flights, direct flights from major cities in the world to Sydney, domestic flights, from Sydney to Darwin, Perth, Melbourne, Cairns and the Gold Coast.

Train: Trains travel between towns and cities. It takes about the same time as the bus and the route is the same. There are Central Railway Station and City Hall Railway Station in the city. Buying a TravelPass ticket is the most time-saving and money-saving way, which allows you to travel to and from various tourist attractions in the city indefinitely within 1 day. The electric train (monorail) is the main train in Sydney, which is characterized by high speed and intensive trips. It usually runs from 4: 00 am to 24: 00 am.

Bus: Long-distance buses travel to and from major cities, such as Canberra (5 hours), Melbourne (12 hours) and Cairns (23 hours). The city's bus lines extend in all directions, helping the subway network cover the whole Sydney area, running on time according to the timetable, and the car is in good condition, comfortable and convenient. Besides, there are many taxis in Sydney, so you can park anywhere. From 2 yuan, you can add 1 yuan per kilometer.

Ferry: Ferry is one of the best ways to visit Sydney. All ferries depart from the circular pier and go to Parramatta, Manley, North Sydney, mosman, the upper reaches of Paramata River and other areas along the river, and the routes cover almost the whole inner port of Sydney. Australian culture is based on stories of people struggling with adversity, jungle robbers and brave soldiers, as well as stories of athletes, blue-collar heroes and brave immigrants. Fair competition, outdoor activities and moderate cynicism are its core. Today, Australian culture also includes indigenous traditions, vibrant multiculturalism, innovative ideas and prosperous artistic scenes.

There are local music and drama groups in Sydney, including the Sydney Symphony Orchestra, the Sydney Theatre Company and the Sydney Dance Company. The annual cultural activities include the Archibald Prize, a competition organized by the New South Wales Museum of Art, and the Sydney Festival, a celebration of music, drama and visual arts held in June 5438+ 10.

Sydney Opera House has five theaters, which can hold a series of performance modes. In July 2006, Sydney Opera House was the seat of the Australian Opera House, which is the third most active theater in the world. Other venues include Sydney City Hall, City Auditorium, New South Wales Theatre and Pier Theatre.

The Sydney Symphony Orchestra performed at the Sydney Opera House. At the end of the 20th century, butoh Theatre in Sydney was also highly respected under the leadership of choreographer shaun murphy.

There are many museums in Sydney, the largest of which are Australian Museum (mainly natural history and anthropology) and Power Station Museum (power station museum, science, technology and design), New South Wales Art Museum, Sydney Museum of Contemporary Art, Australian National maritime museum, and some smaller museums, such as museum of sydney in MoS.

There are also many natural spaces in the urban areas. Located in the city center are China Friendship Garden, Hyde Park and Royal Botanical Garden. There are also several national parks in Greater Sydney, including the Royal National Park, the second national park in the world (the first is Yellowstone National Park in the United States), with an area of 132 square kilometers. Sydney is the headquarters of the Australian Rugby League, the base of eight of the 65,438+06 National Rugby League (NRL) teams (Sydney Rooster, South Sydney Rabbit, Parramatta Eel, Cronura Shark, West Tiger, Pengris Leopard, Canterbury Bulldog and Li Man-Breaststroke Plus Seahawk), and the northern base of St. George Iravalon (this team is also located in Wollongong). The Australian Stadium in Sydney is the venue for the NRL finals.

Some teams in Sydney are members of some sports leagues. Including Sydney Swan (Australian Football League), Sydney Football Club (Australian Group A Football League), Sydney Emperor and West Sydney Ruibei (National Basketball League), Sydney University Flame (National Women's Basketball League), Sydney Blue (Australia's major basketball league), Sydney Brown Swift (Commonwealth Bank of Australia Grand Prix) and New South Wales Blue (first-class cricket match).

1864, the first rugby club in Australia was established in the University of Sydney. 1882, the first inter-colonial games opened, and Sydney faced Queensland. Today, the national team played against New South Wales in the Super Football League. Sydney will send two teams to participate in the national rugby competition. Traditional club activities have a Shute shield. Sydney also holds regular wallabies international championships.

Sydney once hosted the 1938 Commonwealth Games and the 2000 Summer Olympics, and built the Sydney Olympic Park and the Sydney Football Stadium. Sydney Olympic Park provides a venue for many large-scale sports activities, such as the finals of the National Australian Rules Football League, the country of origin of rugby league and the preliminaries of the 2006 World Cup. Sydney Football Stadium is the home of Sydney Rooster, Sydney FC and Wawa, New South Wales. The adjacent Sydney Cricket Court is the center of Sydney cricket and Australian regular football, and has hosted many sports events.

In water sports, Sydney often hosts many yacht races, such as the yacht race from Sydney to Hobart the day after Christmas. Sydney Harbour is a good place for sailing, canoeing, dragon boat and fishing. Besides, there are many beaches worth visiting in Sydney, which are suitable for land and water sports, such as Band-Aid Beach, Manley Beach, Palm Tree Beach and Cronura Beach.