Characteristics of industrial production of edible fungi

After 60 years of development, the industrialized production of Agaricus bisporus in western countries has developed into a highly developed mushroom industry with specialized division of labor, mechanization, automation and intelligent control. Compost is produced by professional composting company, and covering soil is provided by professional covering company. Mushroom farms buy compost and mulch from compost companies and mulch companies to cultivate mushrooms.

Culture production system

Mushroom culture materials are produced by large centralized fermentation companies, and the weekly output exceeds 65,438+0,000 tons. Wheat straw and poultry manure are used as main raw materials, and generally undergo primary fermentation and secondary fermentation. In recent years, the primary fermentation has changed from outdoor turning fermentation to indoor aeration fermentation, which is more conducive to quality control. The secondary fermentation of the culture material is carried out in the centralized fermentation tunnel, and the culture material after the secondary fermentation is sold to mushroom farms everywhere for mushroom cultivation. In recent years, Britain, the Netherlands and other countries have adopted three times of fermentation, that is, concentrated sowing and spawning in tunnels, and concentrated spawning culture, and squeezed the culture materials covered with hyphae and sold them to mushroom farms, which greatly shortened the culture cycle.

Cultivation and fruiting system

In Europe and Australia, mechanized seedbed planting systems have replaced labor-intensive plastic bag planting and box planting systems. For example, in Ireland, the bag planting system widely used before 10 has been replaced by the bed planting system with mechanized feeding and covering soil. Computer control system is widely used in mushroom cultivation room to control environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide, which can control the yield and quality of mushrooms well. The industrialized cultivation of Flammulina velutipes rose in Japan in 1950s and developed rapidly. There are two kinds of factory production modes: bottle cultivation and bag cultivation. Factory production enterprises with high degree of mechanization generally adopt bottle cultivation. In the bottle culture system, the mixing, bottling, catching bacteria and digging bottles after culture are all mechanized. A complete set of standardized production technology has been established, including culture preparation, mixing, bottling, sterilization, cooling, inoculation, culture, sterilization, germination promotion, inhibition, growth, harvesting and bottle digging. Bag planting system does not need bottle digger, etc. At present, there is no bag culture catching machine, so the mechanization degree is not as high as that of bottle culture system, and the investment is lower than that of bottle culture system, but the operation labor is large and the product appearance is not as firm and tidy as that of bottle culture system.

In Fujian and other places, Lentinus edodes were planted in bags by regeneration method. After being dried and wilted by intermittent air blowing, the newborn mushroom buds are moved into another bud-promoting room to re-form mushroom buds at the base of the lodging mushroom stalk. Its basic technological model is: batching-bagging-sterilization-inoculation-spawning culture-induction and bud promotion-ventilation and bud extinction-bud regeneration promotion-domestication-bud inhibition-development-harvest. The artificial cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii began in France, Italy and India. Japan realized commercial chemical production in the 1990s. The industrial production of Pleurotus eryngii is later than that of Agaricus bisporus and Flammulina velutipes, and its development time is not long, and its technology is not yet mature and perfect.

Its basic technological model is: batching-bottling-sterilization-automatic inoculation-spawning culture-after-ripening culture-catching bacteria-accelerating germination-fruiting-harvesting.

In China, bag cultivation is mostly used in annual industrial production, and its basic technological model is: batching-bagging-sterilization-inoculation-spawning-germination-fruiting-harvesting. There are two cultivation methods in hypsizygus marmoreus: bottle cultivation and bag cultivation. Its basic technological model is: batching-bottling-sterilization-automatic inoculation-spawning culture-after-ripening culture-catching bacteria-accelerating germination-fruiting-harvesting.