1858 What treaty did China and Russia sign?

1858, China and Russia signed the Aihui Treaty. Russia occupied more than 600,000 square kilometers of land north of Heilongjiang and south of Xing 'an Mountains, and divided about 400,000 square kilometers of Russian territory east of Wusuli River into two countries. We have the right to trade in land and coastal ports, as well as the privilege of berthing warships at trading ports, preaching in the mainland, consular jurisdiction and unilateral "most favored nation" treatment.

The Love-Faint Treaty was the first unequal treaty between China and Russia that was forced by Russia to sign by the Qing government. Aihui means "female mink" in Manchu. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Aihui was famous for producing minks. Aihui Old Town, which was built in the Ming Dynasty, is located in the east of Heilongjiang Province and is known as Jiangdong Aihui in history.

Because it is inconvenient for Jiangdong Aihui to communicate with the mainland across the Heilongjiang River, the Qing government rebuilt the city on the bank of Jiangxi at the lower reaches of the old Aihui River 12 km, and the general yamen moved here, which was called Jiangxi Aihui, or called Heilongjiang City or Aihui New City relative to Jiangdong Aihui. The Love Faint Treaty was signed in Aihui New Town on May 28th, 1858.

Extended data:

Treaty influence

China's territory and sovereignty were greatly damaged by the Treaty of Love, from which Russia gained huge territorial interests, navigation rights of Heilongjiang and Ussuri rivers and access to the Pacific Ocean.

As Engels said, Russia "seized from China a territory the size of France and Germany and a river as long as the Danube without firing a shot". ("Russia's Success in the Far East", from the Complete Works of Marx and Engels, vol. 12, p. 662)

Russia summed up Muraviev's occupation of Heilongjiang in China as an aggression formula: "Russia's diplomatic demands must be supported by the actual occupied places".

Later, Russia adopted unequal treaties, such as the Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty 1860 and the Sino-Russian Border Treaty 1864, and occupied a large territory east of the Wusuli River and outside the northwest of China. The signing of the "Love Faint Treaty" set a criminal precedent for Russia to further plunder China's territory.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Love Soul Treaty