What is a planned economy?

The difference between planned economy and market economy is very important, and you will see it in the near future.

Planned economy is an economic mode in which production is arranged in a unified way and products are distributed in a unified way, while market economy is an economic mode in which production is arranged by each producer and products are exchanged among producers. These two concepts can be simply understood as follows: no commodity exchange is a planned economy, and commodity exchange is a market economy.

under the planned economy, what to produce and how much to produce are uniformly arranged by a certain department of society according to the needs of society and people, or by a certain department of an enterprise according to the market demand. After production, the distribution of products is also uniformly distributed. There are three distribution methods: distribution according to work, distribution according to need and distribution according to capital.

for example, an American axe manufacturer decided to produce 1, axes after market research, so how many blanks, axes and hatchets to produce will be arranged by the department in charge of production to produce in various workshops, which is to plan according to market demand and production demand. When distribution is completed after production or sales, assuming that the total selling price of 1, axes is 5, yuan, and the total cost of raw materials is 1, yuan, the capitalist leaves 2, yuan and gives it to 3, workers, then this is equivalent to the capitalist leaving 4, axes and giving it to 6, workers. This is product distribution. The 4 axes left by capitalists or shareholders are distributed according to capital, and the 6 axes given to workers are distributed according to work, that is, according to the achievements of workers, and each person has several axes.

compared with the market economy, the planned economy came into being much earlier. Don't say that since there were people on the earth, we can say that since there were animals on the earth, there was a planned economy. For example, an ant colony is a planned economy, and a vole has to plan how much food must be stored in winter. For the newly born primitive people, everyone's production is even more planned economy. Later, after the emergence of families and enterprises, families and enterprises were also planned economies. So the planned economy is not new.

However, the planned economy we are pursuing now refers to the planned economy within a country or the whole world, that is, the production of a country or the whole world is arranged by one department in a unified way, which is unprecedented (only existed in primitive capitalism), so such a planned economy is a new thing.

when a country has implemented a completely planned economy, there will be no commodity exchange in this country (note: this means that there is no commodity exchange within this country, and it is not excluded to exchange with foreign countries. If the planned economy is implemented all over the world, there will be no commodity exchange between countries in the world. In fact, the country has cancelled it at this time. At this time, the production in this country will be arranged by the department in charge of production according to the living needs of the country and the people, and then the products will be uniformly distributed to consumers. For example, how many people are arranged to produce how many weapons, how many people are arranged to produce how much food, how many people are arranged to produce how many medicines, how many people are arranged to produce how many clothes, how many people are arranged to build how many houses, how many hospitals and how many schools. After production, weapons are distributed to the army, food, clothes and housing are distributed to the people, medicine is distributed to the sick, and teaching materials and schools are distributed to students. At this time, there are only distribution according to work and distribution according to need, and there is no distribution according to capital.

after a planned economy is implemented in a country, although there is no commodity exchange inside, it does not mean that there is no commodity exchange outside the country, so the country may also produce some commodities to exchange with foreign countries. Therefore, it is not necessary for a planned economy country not to produce goods. The key is to see who to exchange with, whether to exchange with domestic or foreign countries.

although there is no commodity exchange in a planned economy country, there is not necessarily no money, and money is not necessarily the medium of commodity exchange, so there can be money in a planned economy country, and it cannot be considered that there is no planned economy without money. In a planned economy country, money is the medium of product distribution, not the medium of commodity exchange, which is the essential difference between this currency and that currency. As we all know, when distributing products, you can directly distribute the physical objects, or you can not directly distribute the physical objects. Instead, you can issue a receipt for everyone to get. Here, money is equivalent to a receipt. When distributing large products such as houses, you can distribute them directly without money, but for small products with needles and thread, it is troublesome to distribute them directly, so it is convenient to distribute money. Therefore, in the planned economy countries, as long as it has not reached the level of complete distribution according to needs, it is inseparable from money.

Therefore, to judge whether a country is a planned economy, we should not look at whether there is commodity production or currency in this country, but whether there is commodity exchange in this country. If there is, it is, and if there is no, it is not.

tell me an extreme situation. If a country has 1 million families and 99,999,999 families have merged into public ownership, and only one family is unwilling to merge and go it alone, then this family will have commodity exchange with that public-owned unit. At this time, although there is no commodity exchange within those more than 9 million families, the whole family is a planned economy, and that family is also a planned economy, but strictly speaking, the whole country is not a planned economy, but only a market economy. However, because there is very little commodity exchange at this time (a family can exchange very little), it accounts for a small share of the national economy and can be ignored, so it can also be called planned economy.

so, what conditions does a country need to implement a planned economy? As everyone can imagine, a private enterprise will not obey the arrangement of external departments, and its products will not be distributed to all the people. Therefore, if all enterprises are to obey the arrangement of the state and their products can be directly distributed to all the people, these enterprises must be owned by all the people, so public ownership is a necessary and sufficient condition for implementing the planned economy.

There is another extreme situation to talk about here to help you understand the planned economy. When all enterprises in a country, including agriculture, all land, all resources and all industries, are merged by a capitalist, then there is no commodity exchange in this country at this time. At this time, all people, including the president and the army, are workers of this capitalist, and all production is arranged by this capitalist in a unified way, and the distribution of products is of course also distributed by this capitalist, so this country is also a planned economy. At this time, all enterprises do not pay attention to profits, and there is no tax in this country. At this time, when the capitalist distributes products, of course, he must leave himself a very sufficient amount before distributing the rest to his workers. Naturally, his arrangement of production is to first consider production for his own needs, and then to consider appropriate production for the needs of others. At the same time, he may also arrange to produce a batch of goods to exchange with foreign countries. Of course, the purpose of this exchange is for his own and domestic needs.

At this point, someone may ask: "You said' public ownership is a necessary and sufficient condition for a planned economy', but this example also says that when all enterprises in the country are owned by a capitalist, this country is also a planned economy. Is there a contradiction?" No. At this time, all enterprises in the country are actually "public" by the capitalist family, and others are outsiders. I don't want to explain this any more. If someone doesn't understand this explanation, it doesn't matter much, because the above situation is an extreme and impossible situation after all.

knowing what a planned economy is, let's clarify a question. We usually call the period before the reform the planned economy period, but this is not strict, just relative to the capitalist market economy. Because there were a lot of commodity exchanges in China during that period, such as the commodity exchange between agriculture and industry, the commodity exchange between enterprises owned by the whole people and collective enterprises, and the commodity exchange between collective enterprises, that period could not be called a planned economy, but a market economy. At that time, the plan made by the state was mainly in enterprises owned by the whole people, and this plan was also restricted by the laws of market economy. For example, suppose the state wanted to produce many tractors to mechanize agriculture, but many production teams could not afford it, so this plan would not work; If the state wants to distribute tractors directly to the production teams, then it requires the production teams to hand over the grain and other products directly to the state, but the public ownership at that time has not reached this level, and it still won't work. Therefore, the shortcomings of the so-called planned economy we are talking about at that time are actually market economy. If sand is mixed in steel, the strength will definitely be greatly reduced, but you can't say that this is the disadvantage of steel, can you?

Although that period was a market economy, it was different from the capitalist market economy. The capitalist market economy takes the family or individual as the economic unit-the enterprise is a family or individual, at most a few shareholders-and maintains this situation unchanged, so the capitalist market economy is static; Besides, capitalist enterprises don't accept state plans, and there is no state production plan in capitalism (state macro-control and state plans are two different things). In the market economy before the reform, the collective and the whole people were the economic units, which were much larger than the capitalist economic units, and this economic unit was in the process of increasing-the collective was gradually merged into the whole people-so that market economy was dynamic; Also, a large part of the production in that period is arranged by the national plan.

as you can imagine, if a market economy is implemented within the family and the enterprise, transactions will be made between husbands, wives and children, and transactions will be made between various departments in the enterprise. Similarly, it is obvious what a society will be in chaos if a market economy is implemented.

finally, although planned economy and market economy are two economic means, or two economic modes, they also represent two economic systems respectively. Planned economy represents public ownership and market economy represents private ownership. This is like, pears can only grow on pear trees, and pears can only grow on pear trees; Apples can only grow on apple trees, so pears and apples are not only two kinds of fruits, but also represent two kinds of trees respectively. Pears represent pear trees and apples represent apple trees. If you want to eat pears instead of apples, you have to cut down apple trees and plant pear trees.

The planned economy, or the planned economy system, also known as the Command economy, is an economic system. Under this system, the state plans in advance all aspects of production, resource allocation and product consumption. Because almost all planned economy systems rely on mandatory planning, planned economy is also called "mandatory economy". The other three economic systems are market economy system, traditional economy system and mixed economy system.

Chinese name

planned economy

mbth

Command economy, planned economy

another name

planned economy system

application

economic production

concept meaning

planned economy refers to a highly centralized economy different from market economy. Planned economy, as its name implies, is to develop the economy in a planned way. Thereby avoiding the blindness and uncertainty of market economy development and the harm to social and economic development. Such as: repeated construction, vicious competition among enterprises, factory closure, unemployment of workers, unbalanced regional economic development, and social and economic crisis.

What is a market economy? Planned economy

Market economy is market-centered and adjusted by the market!

what is implemented in western countries is a market economy!

the planned economy is guided by * * *, which is caused by the economic backwardness of our country!

I always feel that China is not very transparent about the implementation of the market economy, and it is not completely open, and it is a bit conservative! What is a market economy? What is a planned economy?

market economy, in short, is an economic development model that is grasped by * * * as a whole and implemented by the market. The planned economy means that it is entirely up to * * * to make mandatory work on economic implementation and formulate the production tasks of each factory.

a market economy is an economy that exchanges according to the principle of equivalence.

Planned economy refers to the economic form in which resources are allocated by the state mandatory plan.

In the past, both the Soviet Union and China were planned economies, and the state stipulated that enterprises should designate enterprises to produce products and sell them at specified prices ~ all of them were stipulated ~ there were no self-employed individuals or companies. The resulting imbalance in demand and price.

in the market economy, according to the demand relationship, individuals can produce any product, as long as you have the ability and you think you can sell it, and adjust the price with the market demand relationship. What is the planned economy and what is the market economy?

The planned economy means that * * * directly controls the macro-economy at the national level and the micro-economy at the enterprise level, and even directly grasps the personal food, clothing, housing and transportation. Market economy is to control the implementation of the economy by market rules. What is a precise planned economy?

"Six precisions" (supporting objects accurately, arranging Beijing-Zhuhai projects accurately, using funds accurately, taking measures to households accurately, sending people from villages accurately, and getting rid of poverty effectively), implementing the "Four Groups" (supporting production and employment development, resettling a group through resettlement, supporting a group through subsistence allowance policy, and supporting a group through medical assistance) poverty alleviation action plan, "Four Groups" What is the Planned Economy?

The planned economy, also known as the Command Economy, is an economic system that plans production, resource allocation and product consumption in advance. Under this system, the production, resource allocation and product consumption of the country are all planned in advance by * * * or consortia. Because almost all planned economy systems depend on mandatory planning, planned economy is also called mandatory economy. It is * * * that solves three basic economic problems. The so-called three economic problems refer to: what to produce, how to produce it and for whom. Most of these resources are owned by * * * and allocated by * * *, which is not affected by the market. The other three economic systems are market economy system, traditional economy system and mixed economy system. The planned economy of tobacco, * * *, is still a planned economy.

Tobacco will be abolished in the future. It is originally used as an anesthetic, and it is natural to use planned control if Chinese people use it indiscriminately.