China Classical Management

1. Classical Chinese: What does this classical Chinese mean? "Guanzi" said: There is a concubine who suspects his wife, and this family is chaotic; There is a son of a suspected official position, and the case is chaotic; There are ministers who doubt each other, and this country is chaotic; The incompetence of any official will lead to chaos.

What are the four major dangers? He also said: "Your minister is unpopular and the country is in danger." : ministers disagree and the country is in danger; Soldiers are not afraid, the country is in danger; People are infertile and their products are in danger. The shape of this chaos is also.

Those who are superior to others have clear spells and clear rewards and punishments. Although they have no words, they are independent. Although the spell is unknown and rewards and punishments are unnecessary, it is chaotic. It is a reason, although it is not chaotic; Chaos, though diligent, is incurable.

Yao Heshun's son has nothing to do, and it is reasonable to have a rest. Hu Hai, follwed ChiZhi but insufficient, potential chaos also. Therefore, good people seek power and don't complain about others.

So it is obvious that the presiding judge and the decree will be issued, and the world will be ruled. As the saying goes, a husband who can help the world politically must first understand the way of ups and downs, the number of successes and failures, the control of chaos, and the appropriate use of housing, and then he can break the situation without confusion and doubt.

For the king's help, no one can't help himself. It means that everyone is suspicious of each other and the whole organization is in chaos.

2. Why should managers read "ancient prose" to improve themselves, improve their abilities, treat themselves correctly and tolerate others and their families, if they always take advantage of their own shortcomings; It is a lack of understanding and unremitting efforts to escape from Haiqu to Hongliang.

Qu Jiayi, who lives in Changsha, can't make progress without the Lord. He told the story that moved Empress Zhao to let her son go to Qi as a hostage. This story reveals a truth. If you shoulder greater responsibilities, serve more people and realize the value of life in a broader space, some people will say that this person can't. He won't be promoted for three to five years, but he just can't catch up with the promotion opportunities? "Allusions.

Talent growth is determined by many factors, which reflect your extraordinary and life value in the ordinary, and China's view of ancient literature is no exception. The author recommends The View of Ancient Chinese Prose to all managers, hoping that everyone can study hard with a materialistic and dialectical attitude and discard the useless. This is the best way to exercise people in a difficult environment, and only those who make contributions to the country will be recognized by everyone.

Young cadres are trained and tested in a difficult environment. Therefore, in the face of fame and fortune, keep healthy and strive to maintain harmony with the surrounding environment.

Don't be bound by material desires, and last longer than others. Every comrade should keep a normal mind and do his job well. Although he has made a lot of efforts and sweat, he has the opportunity to spoil him, but the more he is suppressed, the more unbalanced he will be. Of course, as a traditional culture, there are always essences and dross.

Easy to get impetuous. Why? This is caused by an unbalanced mentality, which cannot be concealed by narrowness. The ancients said that "being indifferent to ambition is conducive to self-improvement, to the life of cadres, to sunny thinking, to let others learn from you, and to stay away peacefully" and "not to be happy with things, not to be sad for yourself".

If you have great ability, then you can do your work best. There is an article "Touching Empress Zhao" in the book.

Reading "The View of Ancient Chinese Literature" helps to establish a correct view of success, which is certainly gratifying. But for most people, the more impetuous, the more successful.

I hope everyone will praise you with a peaceful mind, but it is also at the intersection of contradictions. There is "Feng Tang is easy to be old, but Li Guang is hard to be sealed" in "The View of Ancient Chinese Literature".

For example, reading China's View of Ancient Literature can cultivate sentiment. The position of civil servant is really important.

3. What is the main content of management? The essence of management: Cüneyt emphasizes the concept, theory, principles and methods of management, and thinks that management is an art, and its functions can be divided into five categories, namely, planning, organization, personnel, command and control. Organization and coordination is the result of the effective use of five functions.

The center of this book is to explain the five functions of management: (1) planning: The author thinks that the so-called planning is to choose the most suitable action route from various translation schemes. In order to ensure the realization of organizational goals, managers should organize, staff, lead and control activities according to the plan.

So planning is the most basic management function. Nowadays, planning is increasingly becoming a necessary condition for enterprises to survive.

The planning function has four meanings. In other words, the planning has four important objectives: (1) It can make up for the problems caused by changes or uncertainties. (2) Can focus on the goal.

(3) Planning work replaces uncoordinated scattered activities with joint efforts with clear goals, and replaces hasty judgments with thoughtful decisions, thus achieving economic rationality in operation. (4) The plan provides a scale for future actions and can be used to control the work of subordinates.

(2) Organization: The organization mentioned in this book refers to the design and maintenance of a functional structure. The author thinks that in order to make collaborative work effective, people should be aware of their role in collaboration and their relationship with others.

To this end, it needs to be clear: what business activities (that is, what functions) are needed to complete the tasks specified in the plan; What permissions does each function have? Where to get the information you need to perform your duties. These are formal organizations.

Organizational structure should have clear responsibilities. At the same time, the Organization must be seen as a dynamic process.

This is because the organizational structure must reflect the goals and plans, which are not fixed; Organizational structure must adapt to its environmental, economic, technical, political, social and ethical factors, and the external environment of organizational structure is constantly changing. (3) Staffing: The management function of staffing refers to effective recruitment, selection, placement, assessment and training of personnel to enrich various positions in the organizational structure.

Staffing is closely related to organizational functions. The quality of staffing will affect other management functions.

For example, well-trained managers can create a good environment and implement "effective leadership"; Similarly, selecting excellent managers can promote control and prevent many unnecessary deviations. In addition, the book also emphasizes the importance of "human capital", especially pointing out that the selection of excellent managers is very important, so staffing becomes an independent management function.

(4) Leadership: The function of leadership is to create and maintain good interpersonal relationships, so that individuals engaged in collective labor can achieve their goals. After analyzing the behavior patterns of people in enterprises, the author focuses on the incentive theory and its application.

It is pointed out that the incentive problem must be viewed from the perspective of system and contingency. The main means to complete the leadership function is information communication.

Information communication can formulate and publish goals and plans, organize various resources efficiently, select, train and review members and leaders, motivate employees and control the work process. You can know the requirements of the environment and its changes, and make yourself an open system.

Therefore, the author believes that information communication is the basis of organizational survival and activities. (5) Control: Control function refers to measuring results according to planned standards and correcting deviations to ensure the realization of planned objectives.

To do a good job of control, we must first understand the basic principle and complex mechanism of control. Because the management process is long and complicated, the control feedback process is also complicated.

Secondly, good control work must design control methods and information systems according to the actual situation, so as to be more suitable for specific plans, organizational structures, special needs of enterprises and people's ability and desire to understand feedback information. Third, most controls are partial, such as product quality, cash flow and cost. Therefore, managers must pay attention to how to form global control so that managers can check the progress of the implementation plan of the whole organization.

Fourth, the most direct form of control is to ensure the quality of managers. Almost all control tools are indirect, and only controlling the quality of managers' work is direct control.

4. Content management of management science is a science that systematically studies the basic laws and general methods of management activities.

Management is produced to meet the needs of modern socialized mass production. Its purpose is to study how to improve the productivity level under the existing conditions through the reasonable organization and allocation of human, financial and material resources. Management is a comprehensive interdisciplinary subject.

Management activities have their own people, but also gradually produced management ideas. In fact, whether in the East or in the West, we can find wonderful expositions of ancient philosophers on management thoughts.

The birth of modern management science is marked by F.W. Taylor's masterpiece Principles of Scientific Management (191year) and Fa Yueer's masterpiece Industrial Management and General Management (19 16 year). Management in the modern sense has only gone through more than 80 years.

In the past 80 years, management science has made great progress and development, and the researchers, learners, books and documents of management science have all increased exponentially, showing the vigorous vitality and prosperity as a young discipline. However, management still needs to develop, because mankind will enter the 2 1 century, and human civilization needs management.

First, the stipulation of management science refers to the research content of management science. The stipulation of management depends on the stipulation of the research object of management, that is, what is the research object of management? Harold? Cüneyt (Management): "The purpose of this book is to clarify the basic knowledge of management theory and management science".

In other words, Cüneyt thinks that the research object of management science is management theory and management science, or management science is the combination of these two parts. James. h？ Donnelly (J. H. Donelly, Foundation of Management):-"Only discuss the management process related to an unresolved (although quite common) case.

We will discuss the management of limited resources (including the rights of others), that is, management theory is to study the management of limited resources. Ronald? Coase (the founder of new institutional economics, Essence of Enterprise)-"Management means forecasting and operating by signing new contracts and using price mechanism.

Management only responds to price changes and rearranges production factors under its control. "Ronald? Professor Coase defines business management from the perspective of contract and price response, but he grasps the essence of management: that is, business deals with the market, and it uses the price mechanism to make its products and services gain beneficial benefits in the market.

Management is a process of how to allocate the limited resources of an organization with administrative command mechanism to obtain the best allocation efficiency; Management does not deal with the market, although it should respond to the prices in the market. According to Coase's definition, management should take such a prescribed management as the research object.

In this way, the research scope of management should be two aspects:? The organization itself includes its dynamic mechanism, structure and operation. ? Various management methods that rely on administrative mechanism in organizations include holistic and systematic methods of resource allocation and various functional methods for local problems. In fact, most of the famous management books and teaching materials have their own characteristics in chapter arrangement, writing style and viewpoint adoption, but they are basically discussed around these two aspects. Actually, Harold. Cüneyt and Cyril? The same is true of O 'Donnell's management.

Definition of management science: the discipline that studies and discusses the structure, process, mode and method of resource allocation in an organization is an applied theoretical discipline and the most basic discipline in the management discipline group. Such a regulation of management science was originally the view of American management scholars, but scholars from other countries, such as Germany and Japan, did not think so. When they limited management to enterprises, they thought that management should also include management, so the theory of management came into being, hence the name of China's management.

Two. Management schools and their composition 1. Management school was born in the early 20th century. With the efforts of theoretical researchers and practitioners, both theory and practice have shown unprecedented prosperity, schools have accumulated, new theories and ideas have been constantly produced, and a large number of talents have emerged. Harold? Cüneyt once wrote two famous papers "On the Jungle of Management Theory" (196 1 year) and "On the Jungle of Management Theory" (1980), which made a brilliant summary and analysis of the brilliant theories and propositions in the management field before 1980.

He believes that by 1980, there have been at least a dozen schools of management, typical of which are: classical school? Behaviorism school? Social system school? Decision theory school? System management school? Empirical school? Contingency theory school? School of Management Science? Organizational behaviorism? Social technology system school? Management role school? School of management and so on. 2. Although each faction has its own views on management and theoretical propositions, it does not exceed three major contents: organization, management methods and operation.

? Taylor, the representative figure of scientific management principle, can be summarized as a management model or method in essence, because the research on the relationship between human scientific work and cooperation and human motivation and efficiency has actually developed the corresponding management model and method. ? Classical organization theory: the typical organization research achievements of Fa Yueer and Weber.

? The representative figures of behavioral science school are Mayo (E.Mayo), Maslow (A.H.Maslow), McGregor (D.MeGregor), Lei Wen (K.Lewin) and mutton. Some of them study interpersonal relationships, some study the relationship between people's needs and behaviors, and some discuss human nature and corresponding management issues. The former can be attributed to the dynamic process of the organization, and the latter can be attributed to the discussion of people-oriented management methods.

? C.I.Barnard, the representative of the school of social systems, only studied how the organization can operate effectively from the perspective of the role of managers in the organization. ? H.A. Simon, the representative of decision theory school (1978 Nobel Prize).

5. Ask for some books about management or strategy in ancient China, the more the better. Please don't have any special management works in ancient China. The classic of management strategy is the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

There are many works about China's ancient art of war. The following books are for reference.

Su Shu, Woods, Jiang Yuan, Tamia Liu, Bing Ji, Wu Bian.

Tactics, Strategies, Wei Liaozi, Sima Fa and Yin Fu Jing.

Lingfu Sutra, Life-saving Book, Guarding the City, Fire Dragon Sutra, Arm Book, Grey Painting Collection.

Biography of Hundred Generals, Classic of Huber, Wu Beizhi, Wisdom, The Art of War, Classic of Hundreds of Battles.

Ping Hai Xin Chou, A Brief Introduction to Guarding the City, Strange Methods of Hundreds of Battles, Sun Bin's Art of War, Gan Kun's Brief Introduction, and Thirty-six Strategies.

Read History and Tactics, On Leisure and Qing Dynasty, Ji Xiaoxin's Works, The Practice of Anmin, Tactics of Military Tactics, and Brief Introduction to Cao Lu.

On writing, new books on military science, visiting the altar, military machine establishment, national defense integration and military systems of past dynasties

Regulations on Military Supplies, Taiping Regulations, Pasturing in Taiping County, Humble Opinion on Courage, Humble Opinion on Rural Soldiers and Brief Introduction to Jason Wu.

Compilation of Military Mirrors, Introduction to Fire Attack, Six Words of Medical Time, Compilation of Charts, Graph Theory of Coastal Defence and Brief Introduction to Jiangnan.

Seven Books of Wu Jing, Spare Techniques of Farming, Atlas of the Ocean, Introduction to Foreign Defense, Essentials of Military Planning and Jian Jiang's Judgment.

Introduction to Ancient and Modern Generals, Biography of Generals, Taibai Silence, Instructions for Marching, General Theory of Military Books, and Guide to Using Soldiers.

Talking about Soldiers, Hundred Gold Prescriptions, Questions of Lee, On War, Comments on Dr. He, and Introduction.

Continue the general introduction of martial arts classics, military strategy and Sun Tzu's art of war, a brief study of the history of Sun Tzu's art of war, an array of dragon cultural relics, and an overview of operational success

Success in Zhiping, Historical Records Reader, Lecture Notes of Seven Books of Teachers, and Wang Sanshu's Military Science.

Eleven Notes to Sun Tzu, Three Secrets of the Art of War, Explanations of Sun Tzu's Books, A Record of Mr. Cui Wei's Northern Expedition, and Twelve Books Borrowed from Jintang.

6. How to read the management science of graduate school? When I first started studying management science, it was actually quite a headache, because I didn't like endorsement very much and I liked calculation very much. Management science is a bunch of trivial words, but a very simple noun textbook should say it in classical Chinese.

Just like "Management", it is simply to manage things, but the textbook is a long list ... "Effectively coordinate other people's business and achieve goals" ... but after reading it for a long time, I found the trick. Management is more than just memory. It is inevitable to recite some basic things, but it is more important to know how to apply them. Usually, you should read more magazines, choose more management-related magazines and accumulate more examples, because you really go to the examination room. Actually, you don't need to recite the textbook several times. Those theories will unconsciously exist in your mind. The teacher must go back to review immediately after class. Needless to say, it is necessary. Teacher Wei Li of Chen Wei wants us to go home and write questions and answers. At first, it will be messy. Suggest that seniors consider it. Read the textbook carefully first, then look at the topic, first think about how you want to play this topic, and then write the question and answer skills. Remember to practice standard layout, and also practice your Chinese attainments. The real in-depth management questions are questions and answers, that is, you must write your layout beautifully and practice using charts more, but don't completely replace the text. 40% charts and 60% words are the perfect answer, and you can also discuss with your classmates, because brainstorming is also very useful for management. In addition, don't completely ignore multiple-choice questions, because there are still schools that take them. At this time, Robbins' English choice is very important.

Generally speaking, the main points are as follows: read more magazines, read more examples, write useful notes in your own notes and think about topics in many ways. If you are good at applying theory, you must write your own questions and answers. The layout of questions and answers is very important. The quality of Chen Weixuan's correspondence courses should be relatively high, and he can go to study on the spot.

7. Learning chess in classical Chinese is autumn,/and the country's good chess is also/. Play autumn/bully/play two games/,one of which is devoted to this/,but only plays autumn listening/; Although a person listened, he thought it was a swan, thinking/helping/bowing and shooting it. Although/learning/learning/learning/learning/learning/learning/learning/learning/learning/learning. What is it/it/wisdom/Frodo and/or? I said:/unnatural. /

You might need this.

Two children argue about Confucius/Journey to the East. See/Two children argue/Ask/Why.

A son said, "I/I am close to people when I set out during the day, and/or I am far away during the day." The beginning of a day is far away, and Japan and China are near.

A son said, "When the sun rises as big as a hood/as big as noon/,it is/like a plate/. Is this/not small for people far away/big for people near? " /

A son said,/"It's cool when the sun rises in the morning, just like exploring soup at noon. /Isn't it near hot/far cold? " /

Confucius/can't decide/.

The two children smiled and said, "Who is smarter than the tiger?" /

I hope I can help you!