History Laboratory

1. The ten most beautiful physics experiments in history

The simplest instruments and equipment discovered the most fundamental and simple scientific concepts. These "captured" physics In the eyes of scientists, experiments that are the "most beautiful" soul of science are like historical monuments. People's long-term confusion and ambiguity are swept away in an instant, and people's understanding of the natural world becomes clearer.

Robert Kress, a faculty member in the Department of Philosophy at New York University at Stony Brook and a historian at Brookhaven National Laboratory, recently conducted a survey among American physicists and asked them Nominate the most beautiful scientific experiments in history. The September issue of Physics World published the top 10 most beautiful experiments, most of which are familiar classics.

What is surprising is that the vast majority of these ten experiments were completed by scientists independently, with at most one or two assistants. All experiments were conducted on the experimental table. No large-scale calculation tools such as computers were used. At most, they were just a ruler or a calculator.

From the selection of the top ten classic scientific experiments itself, we can also clearly see the trajectory of scientists' most significant discoveries in the past 2000 years, just like we have a "bird's eye view" of history. Physics World ranks the experiments according to their level of public awareness, with No. 1 experiments demonstrating quantum features of the physical world.

However, the development of science is an accumulation process. The American "News" on September 25 reordered these experiments according to chronological order and gave a simple explanation. Eratosthenes measured the circumference of the Earth in a town in ancient Egypt now called Aswan.

In this small town, the midday summer sun hangs overhead: objects cast no shadows, and the sun shines directly into deep wells. Eratosthenes, 3rd century BC librarian of the Library of Alexandria, realized that this information could help him estimate the Earth's circumference.

On the same day and at the same time in subsequent years, he measured the shadows of objects at the same location in Alexandria. It was found that the sun's rays were slightly tilted, deviating from the vertical at an angle of approximately 7 degrees.

The rest is a matter of geometry. Assuming the earth is spherical, its circumference should span 360 degrees.

If the two cities are at an angle of 7 degrees, it is 7/360 of a circle, which is the distance of 5,000 Greek sports fields at that time. Therefore the circumference of the earth should be 250,000 Greek playgrounds.

Today, through track calculations, we know that Eratosthenes’ measurement error is only within 5. (Rank 7) Galileo's Free Fall Experiment At the end of the 16th century, everyone believed that heavier objects fell faster than smaller objects because the great Aristotle had said so.

Galileo Galilei, then in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Pisa, boldly challenged public opinion. The famous Leaning Tower of Pisa experiment has become a story in science: he dropped a light and heavy object from the leaning tower at the same time, so that everyone could see the two objects landing at the same time.

The cost of Galileo's challenge to Aristotle may have cost him his job, but it was the nature of nature, not human authority, that he demonstrated, and science made the final verdict. (Rank 2) Galileo's Acceleration Experiments Galileo continued to refine his ideas about the movement of objects.

He made a smooth straight wooden trough more than 6 meters long and 3 meters wide. Then fix the wooden trough at an angle, let the copper ball slide down the inclined plane from the top of the wooden trough, and use a water clock to measure the time of each sliding of the copper ball to study the relationship between them.

Aristotle once predicted that the speed of a rolling ball is uniform; a copper ball will travel twice the distance if it rolls twice as long. Galileo proved that the distance traveled by a copper ball is proportional to the square of time: in twice the time, the ball rolls four times the distance because of constant gravitational acceleration.

(No. 8) Newton's prism breaks down sunlight. Galileo died the same year Isaac Newton was born.

Newton graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge University in 1665. He stayed at home for two years to avoid the plague, and then successfully got a job.

At that time, everyone believed that white light was pure light with no other colors (this is what Aristotle believed), while colored light was light that had changed somehow. To test this hypothesis, Newton placed a prism under sunlight. Through the prism, the light on the wall was broken down into different colors, which we later called a spectrum.

People know that the rainbow has many colors, but they think it is because it is abnormal. Newton's conclusion is: It is the different color spectra of these basic colors of red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, indigo, and violet that form the white light with a single color on the surface. If you look deeper, you will find that white light is very Beautiful.

(Ranked 4th) Cavendish Torque Experiment Another great contribution of Newton is his law of universal gravitation, but how big is the universal gravitation? At the end of the 18th century, British scientist Henry Cavendish decided to find out this force of gravity. He suspended a 6-foot wooden rod with small metal balls on both sides using a metal wire. The wooden rod was like a dumbbell; then he placed two 350-pound lead balls quite close to create enough gravity to let the The dumbbell rotates and the wire twists.

The tiny rotations were then measured using homemade instruments. The measurement results were surprisingly accurate. He measured the parameters of the gravitational constant. On this basis, Cavendish calculated the density and mass of the Earth.

Cavendish’s calculation result is: the earth weighs 6.0*1024 kilograms, or 13 trillion trillion pounds. (Rank 6) Thomas Young’s light interference experiment Newton is not always right.

After many quarrels, Newton convinced the scientific community to accept the idea that light was composed of particles, not a wave. In 1830, the British doctor and physicist Thomas Young used experiments to verify this view.

He cut a small hole in the blinds, covered it with a thick piece of paper, and then poked a very small hole in the paper. Let the light shine through and use a mirror to reflect the light that passes through.

He then used a piece of paper about 1/30 inch thick to split the light into two beams down the middle. The result is seeing intersecting light and shadow.

This shows that two beams of light can interfere with each other like waves. This experiment played a crucial role in the creation of quantum theory a century later.

(Ranked fifth) Michel Foucault’s pendulum experiment Last year, scientists placed a pendulum clock in Antarctica and observed its swing. They were repeating a famous experiment in Paris in 1851.

In 1851, French scientist Michel Foucault conducted an experiment in public. 2. What are the famous laboratories in the world?

1. The Leiden Cryogenic Laboratory in the Netherlands. In the early 20th century, under the leadership of K. Onnes, this laboratory took the lead in the field of cryogenics. He was the first to realize the liquefaction of helium, discovered superconductivity, and has been a leader in the fields of low temperature and superconductivity.

In particular, it developed laboratories with large-scale industrial technology and created a new era of big science. The Netherlands is a small industrial country, and the experience of the Leiden Cryogenic Laboratory in the Netherlands is particularly worthy of our study and reference.

2. The Lawrence Radiation Laboratory of the University of California, Berkeley, USA. It is the birthplace of the electron linear accelerator. It was founded in the 1930s during the economic depression. The founder, Lawrence, used his unique organizational skills to Fully exploit the human, material and financial resources of the United States and build the first batch of accelerators. Under his leadership, laboratory members have conducted extensive scientific research, discovered a series of superheavy elements, and opened up research directions such as radioactive isotopes and heavy ion science.

It is the pioneer of a series of famous laboratories in the United States: Livermore, Los Alamos, Brookhaven and other laboratories, and is also a model for hundreds of accelerator laboratories in the world. The second type of laboratories belong to national institutions, and some are even international institutions, jointly hosted by several countries.

Most of them are engaged in basic metrology, high-precision projects, ultra-large research projects, and national defense and military tasks. For example: 3. The Imperial Institute of Technical Physics in Germany (PTR for short) The Imperial Institute of Technical Physics was built in 1884 and is equivalent to Germany's National Metrology Bureau. It is famous for its precise measurement of thermal radiation.

In the late nineteenth century, researchers at the institute worked on the study of blackbody radiation, which led to Planck's discovery of the quantum of action. It can be said that this laboratory is the birthplace of quantum theory.

4. The British National Physical Laboratory (NPL for short) The British National Physical Laboratory is a long-standing measurement benchmark research center in the UK, founded in 1900. In 1981, it was divided into six departments: electrical science, materials applications, mechanics and optical metrology, numerical analysis and computer science, quantum metrology, radiation science and acoustics.

As the metrology center of a highly industrialized country, it has extensive daily contacts with national industry, government departments, and commercial institutions. Externally, as a national representative agency, it maintains contact with various international organizations and metrology centers of various countries. It also provides advice to *** on environmental protection, such as noise, electromagnetic radiation, air pollution, etc.

The British National Physical Laboratory has about 1,000 scientific and technical personnel, with a peak of 1,800 in 1969. 5. CERN (CERN for short) Founded in 1954, CERN is the largest international experimental organization.

Its establishment, policies, organization, topic selection, funding and implementation of research plans are all unique. W± and Z0 particles were discovered here in 1983. The following year, two physicists from the center, Rubia and van der Meer, won the Nobel Prize in Physics.

Under the initiative of UNESCO, CERN was planned by 11 European countries in 1951 and now has 13 member states. The funds are shared among the member states, and the director is appointed by the Board of Directors for a term of five years.

It has a management committee, a research committee and an experimental committee, with a capable organization and perfect management. The number of employees reaches 6,000, mostly through recruitment.

Over the past thirty years, the Proton Synchrotron, the Proton Synchrotron, the Interleaved Storage Ring (ISR), the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), the Large Electron Positron Collider (LEP), And has the world's largest hydrogen bubble chamber (BEBL). As an international experimental institution, CERN has strong financial, material and technical resources.

Since the work involves many countries and organizations, various contradictions and frictions will inevitably occur during construction and research. However, through consultation and cooperation, the work proceeds smoothly, and the huge plans can be fulfilled on time, and have successively achieved world-renowned achievements. Achievements (see: High Energy Physics, Issue 3, 1985, Page 26). The third type of laboratory belongs directly to the industrial enterprise department and serves the development and research of industrial technology.

The most famous ones are Bell Labs and IBM Research Laboratories. 6. Bell Labs Bell Labs, formerly known as Bell Telephone Laboratories, was founded in 1925 and is one of the most influential research laboratories run by industrial companies.

The main purpose is to conduct research on communication science. It has 20,000 researchers, 6 research departments, 14 branches, 56 laboratories, and annual funding of 2.2 billion US dollars, of which 10 for basic research. In addition to radio electronics, there are high levels of solid-state physics (including magnetism, semiconductors, surface physics), astrophysics, quantum physics and nuclear physics.

This research institution has a large number of high-level scientific researchers. Over the past decades, those who have won the Nobel Prize in Physics include Davidson, who invented electron diffraction, and Shockley, Bardeen and Brattan, who invented the transistor. , Townes and Schowlow who invented the laser, Anderson the theoretical physicist, and Penzias and Wilson the radio astronomers. The Bell Labs experience is noteworthy.

Industrial enterprises attach great importance to scientific research, especially basic research; development and research are integrated; leaders have vision and courage, and are good at seizing new and viable topics. These are all useful experiences. 7. IBM Research Laboratory IBM is the abbreviation of International Business Machines Corporation. It has developed into a multinational company and occupies a leading position in the world in computer production and innovation.

It was founded in 1911, formerly known as putting-Tabulating-Recording Co. (C.T.R.), and was composed of three companies that produced statistical machinery and time recorders. These companies were founded in 1889, 1890, and 1891 respectively.

By the end of 1984, IBM had more than 39,000 employees and operations in 130 countries. IBM Research Laboratory, also called IBM Research Department, has 3,500 researchers (and also recruits many postdoctoral fellows and visiting scholars to participate in the work). It specializes in basic scientific research and explores product-related technologies. It is characterized by the integration of these The two are combined.

Scientists work here, on the one hand to advance basic science, and on the other hand to propose new scientific ideas that are beneficial to practical applications. There are four research centers under the Research Department: (1) Thomas J. Watson Research Center in New York, USA.

Engaged in computer science, input/output technology, productive research mathematics, physics. 3. Introduction to the School of History and Culture Laboratory of the School of History and Culture of Tianjin Normal University

The Laboratory of the School of History and Culture was established in March 2006 with the approval of the school.

The laboratory consists of a simulated tour guide laboratory, a cultural relic identification and restoration laboratory, a calligraphy and painting mounting and restoration laboratory, a courseware production center, etc., with a total area of ??about 500 square meters. It is mainly open to the three majors of history, tourism management and museology, and is also open to other related majors. The laboratory has more than 350 pieces of equipment worth about 2.5 million yuan, including 61 sets of equipment worth more than 10,000 yuan.

The simulated tour guide laboratory and network computer room are located in Rooms C506 and C508 of Xingwen Building respectively, covering an area of ??about 360 square meters, including more than 100 computers, about 98 of which are P4 or above. Video recording and editing equipment has now reached professional high-definition level. The main undergraduate experimental courses offered include computer-assisted history teaching, simulated tour guide, etc.

The cultural relics room is located in Room C509-516 of Xingwen Building, covering an area of ??approximately 240 square meters. It contains more than 1,800 pieces of various cultural relics such as stoneware, jade, pottery, bronze, porcelain, calligraphy and painting, etc., mainly For teaching and research in history and museology. The undergraduate experimental courses offered include repair and mounting of calligraphy and painting, appreciation and evaluation of miscellaneous antiques, and appraisal of jewelry and jade, etc.

The courseware production center is responsible for the development, production and website maintenance of teaching courseware and online courses for the whole college. The college has developed more than 30 multimedia courseware and online courses, among which it has won 1 national award, 2 municipal awards, and 4 school awards. 4. What are the 8 crazy experiments in history

A certain great god said: Practice is the only criterion for testing truth.

And experimentation is like starting a war. Once there is a confrontation, all the pre-designs will be in vain. Madness is not an end in itself, but it verifies human curiosity... 1. 1600: Life on the Scales If there had been a "Guinness Book of World Records" in the early years, Santorio would have been among them: this Pa. The famous doctor of Dova spent more time on the scale than anyone else.

Workbench, chair, bed - everything he owns is connected by ropes to a scale device on the roof. In this way, Santorio has been tirelessly recording the changes in his weight for 30 years.

He weighed and recorded everything from the weight of the food he ate to the weight of the waste he excreted.

He published these experimental results on human body functions in his "Static Medicine", which is regarded as a classic today.

One of the most famous claims concerns the astonishing fact that what people excrete constitutes only a tiny fraction of the weight of the food they eat. If a person eats 8 pounds of meat and drink a day, 5 pounds will evaporate without being noticed.

This invisible evaporation starts with perspiration. Santorio was the first to measure this weight, thus becoming the originator of quantitative experimental medicine.

Before this, doctors had only recorded through descriptions. 2. 1620: Wood from Water Van Helmont was the last alchemist and the first chemist. His world view was a combination of magic and science.

He studied gases in the laboratory and observed the fermentation of substances. "If you plug a dirty shirt into the cracks of a container filled with wheat seeds, after about 21 days, the smell will change and the rot will soak into the wheat husks, thereby turning the wheat into mice."

It is unknown when he picked up a hoe and started experimenting with willow trees. He firmly believed that all matter - stone, soil, animals, plants are ultimately formed from water.

This experiment was designed to test this hypothesis in plants. He planted a willow tree, pulled it out of the soil five years later, and weighed the soil and the willow tree separately: During this period, the soil only lost 2 ounces in weight, while the tree weighed 169 pounds and 3 ounces, an increase of 30% of its original weight. multiple times.

Van Helmont drew the only reasonable conclusion under the understanding of the time: "164 pounds of wood, bark and roots come only from water." Because in addition to regular watering of the small tree Water, he didn't do anything more.

His ideas inspired many scholars, and later people learned that his explanation was not completely correct: plants need not only water to grow, but also air, light and a small amount of matter on the ground. His experiment paved the way for the exploration of a mysterious process that later generations called "photosynthesis."

3. 1783: Flying Sheep On September 19, 1783, the first passengers - a sheep, a rooster and a duck - took to the air in a hot air balloon. Location: Palace of Versailles.

It is unknown where the inspiration for Joseph and Etienne's first hot air balloon experiment came from. What is certain is that Joseph tried to "lock a cloud into a pocket and use the rising power of the cloud to push the pocket into the air" by introducing the smoke produced by burning into the paper bag.

Addie Ann believed he had found the ideal gas to propel the balloon upward—a foul-smelling smoke. In fact, air is heated and expands, making it lighter than air of the same volume with a lower temperature.

At 12 o'clock, Etienne started lighting a fire under the platform. The 18-meter-tall balloon carried sheep, chickens and ducks in willow baskets to an altitude of 440 meters.

Thousands of spectators at the scene stared at this flying object in surprise and cheered loudly. Eight minutes later, the balloon landed smoothly 3 kilometers away from the take-off site. A branch hit the aircraft and knocked open the willow basket, and the animals ran out.

The sheep were found grazing peacefully in the meadow not far away, the ducks were also in good health, and only the rooster's right wing was injured. Soon, a witness who saw the injured rooster reported the situation: "Its wings were injured because it was stepped on by a sheep half an hour ago."

A month later, on October 15, 1783, the first People boarded the balloon. 4. 1901: Murder experiment in the classroom. Gunshots rang out at 7:45. In a criminal investigation class at the University of Berlin, two people were arguing, and one of them pulled out a gun and shot the other.

What the audience doesn’t know is that this is just a toy pistol, and this performance is an experimental scene by German psychologist Stern. Stern noted that most people's memory conditions are not ideal, and the reliability of memory is particularly important for court work.

After the gunman opened fire, 15 "older college students" or alternate officers present provided written or oral eyewitness reports on what happened. 3 people did it on the night of the incident or the next day, 9 people did it a week later, and 3 people did it 5 weeks after the incident.

No one can recall all the details of the 15 fragments, and the error rate is between 27 and 80. As expected, many witnesses were unable to accurately recall the words of the parties involved, and a few even fabricated situations that did not occur.

The low reliability of testimony has triggered heated discussions in the legal community. Stern advocated that experts should intervene in the evidentiary process and provide suggestions on the judgment of the credibility of the testimony in the trial.

5. 1901: The soul weighs 21 grams. According to the bizarre logic of American doctor McDougall, if the functions of the soul continue to exist after death, then it must have a place in the living body. And because, according to "the latest scientific theory," all objects occupying space have a certain weight, the state of the soul can be determined by "weighing the person in the process of death."

So he built a precision balance: a bed suspended on a support to measure the total weight of the bed and objects on the bed, and the value could be accurate to 5 grams. The best subjects are tuberculosis patients, who will "appear almost motionless" as they die.

At 17:30 on April 10, 1901, the first dying man was placed on the scale of his soul by MacDougall. Three hours and 40 minutes later, "He breathed his last.

With his death, the crossbar of the scale hit the upper caliper, and the sound was clearly audible." McDougall must add another $2 coin to bring the balance back to balance.

This is 21 grams. The next five subjects painted a confusing picture: two measurements were invalid; one death resulted in a drop in weight that remained stable; two two weight drops followed by an increase again. 5. The origin of laboratory accreditation (history)

In the 1940s, due to the lack of consistent testing standards and methods, Australia was unable to provide arms to the British army in World War II. Therefore, it began to establish a national Unified testing system. In 1947, Australia first established the world's first testing laboratory accreditation system - the National Association of Testing Authorities (NATA). In 1966, the United Kingdom established a calibration laboratory accreditation system - the British Calibration Service (BCS). Since then, some developed countries in the world have established their own laboratory accreditation agencies.

In 1973, the laboratory accreditation system was adopted in the then General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) R Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement). In 1977, the International Laboratory Accreditation Conference (ILAC), a forum, was established under the initiative of the United States, and in 1996 it was transformed into an entity, the International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (ILAC).

The traditional meaning of the word "accreditation" is: the action of screening, appraising, or recognizing qualifications (such as recognizing that schools, hospitals, social work institutions, etc. have met standards), or being screened or appraised , recognized qualified status. Similarly, ISO/IEC Guide 2:1996 defines accreditation as: a process whereby an authoritative body formally recognizes the ability of an organization or individual to perform a specific task.

Extended to laboratory accreditation, it is defined as: a procedure for formal recognition by an authoritative organization that a testing/calibration laboratory and its personnel are capable of performing specific types of testing/calibration. The so-called authoritative institutions refer to government or civil institutions with legal or administrative authorized responsibilities and powers. This recognition means recognizing that testing/calibration laboratories have the management and technical capabilities to engage in work in specific fields. It can be seen that the essence of laboratory accreditation is the recognition of specific testing/calibration projects carried out by the laboratory, not all business activities of the laboratory.

In the recent ISO/IEC17011:2004 "Conformity Assessment - General Requirements for Accreditation Bodies that Accredit Conformity Assessment Bodies", the latest definition of accreditation is given: formally indicating that the conformity assessment body (conformity assessment body) Agency means an organization that provides the following conformity assessment services: calibration, testing, inspection, management system certification, personnel registration and product certification) third-party certification of the ability to perform specific conformity assessment work. Extending to laboratory accreditation, it is a third-party certification that formally indicates that a testing/calibration laboratory has the ability to perform specific testing/calibration. 6. Historical evolution of the State Key Laboratory

In order to support basic research and applied basic research, the former State Planning Commission organized and implemented the National Key Laboratory Construction Plan in 1984. The main tasks were to establish the Ministry of Education, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, etc. Among the relevant universities and research institutes of the department, a number of national key laboratories will be built based on the original infrastructure.

From 1984 to 2009, the State Key Laboratory has gone through the initial stage and development stage, and is entering the stage of improvement.

1. Initial stage (1984-1997): 155 national key laboratories were built and management systems and operating mechanisms were explored.

Build a number of basic research experimental research bases. From 1984 to 1993, the state invested 910 million yuan in three science and technology funds and established 81 national key laboratories, focusing on basic theoretical research; from 1991 to 1995, the state invested 86.34 million US dollars in loans from the World Bank. and 178 million yuan, and established 75 national key laboratories, focusing on applied basic research and engineering. Two batches of key laboratories were completed, forming the preliminary framework of the national key laboratory plan.

National financial support: In 1989, the former National Science and Technology Commission established the "Special Subsidy Project for Key Laboratory Operations" to subsidize the daily operation and opening of the laboratory to the outside world. From 1995 to 1997, the former State Planning Commission upgraded and renovated instruments and equipment in 67 national key laboratories.

Establishing an evaluation system: Starting in 1990, the former State Planning Commission and the former State Science and Technology Commission respectively entrusted the National Natural Science Foundation of China to evaluate national key laboratories. From 1994 to 1997, the former State Planning Commission and the State Science and Technology Commission jointly entrusted the National Natural Science Foundation of China to conduct a unified assessment of national key laboratories in different fields, and provided funding for equipment updates and operating subsidies respectively.

2. Development stage (1998-2007): Standardize and improve the management of national key laboratories, and explore new types of laboratory construction.

The Ministry of Science and Technology has standardized the new national key laboratory procedures of "issuance of guidelines, departmental recommendations, expert review, and selection of the best projects", and has built 88 new laboratories in areas of major national demand and emerging frontier fields, and eliminated them at the same time. 17 poorly run laboratories were eliminated and a competition mechanism of “survival of the fittest” was established. In addition, the laboratory construction and management methods are revised according to the laboratory development situation and the times, and laboratory management is strengthened. In particular, major modifications have been made to the laboratory evaluation rules, emphasizing guiding ideas such as quality, qualitative evaluation, and overall evaluation, canceling quantitative indicators, and guiding laboratories to produce important original innovative results.

Since 2000, we have promoted interdisciplinary and comprehensive integrated national laboratory (pilot) work based on the work of national key laboratories.

In 2003, in order to promote local basic research and base construction, the provincial and ministerial departments launched a national key laboratory cultivation base.

In 2006, in order to strengthen the construction of the national technological innovation system, we launched the construction of national key laboratories relying on enterprises and converted institutions.

As of the end of 2007, there were 258 national key laboratories in operation (including 38 corporate national key laboratories), 6 pilot national laboratories, and the provincial and ministerial departments have established national key laboratory cultivation bases. 44. These research and experimental bases basically cover the key subject areas of basic research, and the subject layout and structural layout are basically reasonable.

3. Improvement stage (2008--): The establishment of special funds marks that the national key laboratory has entered a new stage of development.

In March 2008, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Finance jointly announced the establishment of special funds for the National Key Laboratory to increase the stability of the National Key Laboratory from three aspects: open operation, independent research on selected topics, and updating of scientific research instruments and equipment. Strength of support.

In 2007, the funding was 1.4 billion yuan, in 2008 it was nearly 2 billion yuan, and in 2009 it is expected to reach 2.5 billion yuan. The establishment of special funds is conducive to creating a scientific research environment that tolerates failure, abandons impetuosity, and concentrates on research. It is an important guarantee for the sound and rapid development of the National Key Laboratory, marking that the work of the National Key Laboratory has entered a new stage of development. 7. Introduction to the School of History and Culture Laboratory of the School of History and Culture of Tianjin Normal University

The Laboratory of the School of History and Culture was established in March 2006 with the approval of the school.

The laboratory consists of a simulated tour guide laboratory, a cultural relic identification and restoration laboratory, a calligraphy and painting mounting and restoration laboratory, a courseware production center, etc., with a total area of ??about 500 square meters. It is mainly open to the three majors of history, tourism management and museology, and is also open to other related majors. The laboratory has more than 350 pieces of equipment worth about 2.5 million yuan, including 61 sets of equipment worth more than 10,000 yuan.

The simulated tour guide laboratory and network computer room are located in Rooms C506 and C508 of Xingwen Building respectively, covering an area of ??about 360 square meters, including more than 100 computers, about 98 of which are P4 or above. Video recording and editing equipment has now reached professional high-definition level. The main undergraduate experimental courses offered include computer-assisted history teaching, simulated tour guide, etc.

The cultural relics room is located in Room C509-516 of Xingwen Building, covering an area of ??approximately 240 square meters. It contains more than 1,800 pieces of various cultural relics such as stoneware, jade, pottery, bronze, porcelain, calligraphy and painting, etc., mainly For teaching and research in history and museology. The undergraduate experimental courses offered include repair and mounting of calligraphy and painting, appreciation and evaluation of miscellaneous antiques, and appraisal of jewelry and jade, etc.

The courseware production center is responsible for the development, production and website maintenance of teaching courseware and online courses for the whole college. The college has developed more than 30 multimedia courseware and online courses, among which it has won 1 national award, 2 municipal awards, and 4 school-level awards.