How to solve the problem of seafarers' "students"

The downturn in the shipping market has gradually aggravated the loss of seafarers.

In recent years, the shipping market has been depressed, and the loss of seafarers has gradually intensified. As an important part of ship management, how to solve the "student source" crisis of seafarers? How to improve the international competitiveness of seafarers?

In ship management, seafarers' management serves for ship technical management, and seafarers are the core stakeholders in ship technical management activities.

All management experience and technical achievements need to be practiced and tested by frontline seafarers, who are the main executors.

In all ship safety accidents, human factors account for more than 80%, and the ability, quality and attitude of seafarers are the guarantee of ship safety.

Wang Yongjian, chairman and general manager of Shanghai Zhijing International Ship Management Co., Ltd., said in an interview with the reporter of Shipping Transaction Bulletin that for ship management, more attention is paid to safety, operation and management, but any good system needs seafarers to implement. At present, the shipping market pays much less attention to seafarers.

Ordinary seafarers are gradually losing.

At present, Shi Yang, who is engaged in Marshall flag country security inspection and related inspections, has been the chief engineer since 2006 and has worked as a sailor on many ships at home and abroad. He believes that without the contribution of seafarers to mankind and the world, half of the people in the world will endure cold and hunger; About 90% of the goods in world trade are transported by sea, and the life of 6.5 billion people cannot be separated from the contribution of more than 6.5438+0.5 million seafarers; With the integration of the world economy and society, the safety, environmental protection and economy of the international shipping industry cannot be separated from the professional services and outstanding contributions of seafarers.

Shi Yang said, "However, people often see such news: seafarers are' double-faced' and' black intermediaries', shipping agencies are mercenary in management, lack of service and training awareness, and seafarers are discriminated against and treated unfairly in society. The most important thing is seafarers' career prospects and development space in society. Be kept out of the traditional society by various thresholds. Nowadays, seafarers have become an important' vulnerable group'. At present, the shipping market is sluggish, shipowners are struggling to survive, and sometimes they are in arrears with wages, which affects the seafarers' mentality, accelerates the loss rate, and frequent safety accidents will eventually cause heavy losses to shipping companies. "

Wang Yongjian is also worried about the loss of seafarers, especially ordinary seafarers. He said: "Ordinary seafarers working on deck and engine room, such as sailors and mechanics, earn four or five thousand yuan a month, and this industry is hardly attractive. We have a sense of crisis. Maybe in five years, ordinary seafarers will not be able to recruit people. At present, this situation is more serious than the problems faced by senior seafarers. "

Wang Yongjian suggested that restrictions on the recruitment of foreign seafarers could be relaxed. "Obviously, this issue needs the coordination of multiple departments, such as labor and social security departments, transportation departments and so on." From the perspective of ship management enterprises, he also said that foreign ship management enterprises have good management experience and technology, but it is difficult to start business and pay seafarers' wages after entering the China market, because foreign exchange in China is controlled, and these problems cannot be solved by one department and need to be improved in the overall environment.

Xue-Gang Li, managing director of CSSC Ship Management Co., Ltd. also told the reporter of Shipping Transaction Bulletin that in order to ensure the attractiveness of seafarers' industry, it is suggested to shorten the working period of seafarers on board. "For example, bulk carriers (ship type? Shipyard? Trading) and other ordinary ships, the working cycle of cadre seafarers (above the level of third mate and third tube wheel) is controlled at 51month or 61month, and the working cycle of ordinary seafarers is controlled at 81month. Some high-risk seafarers, such as offshore platforms, can control their work cycle to 3 plus or minus 1 month or 4 plus or minus 1 month. "

Senior seafarers are not competitive.

Shi Yang said that the world's seafarers mainly come from China, the Philippines, India, Myanmar, Indonesia, Russia, Turkey, Greece, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia and other countries. "There are 500,000 international seafarers in China, but most of them rely on the' close proximity' of shipowners of state-owned enterprises and private enterprises in China. Only a few of them can truly integrate into the international market and compete with seafarers from all over the world. The proportion of seafarers who can be sent to high-end markets in Europe and America is less than 5%, while the proportion of Filipino seafarers is as high as 50%. "

Building a world-class shipping power requires world-class maritime talents. Excellent captain/chief engineer of international first-class shipping enterprises, excellent maintenance/maritime affairs, is a professional compound talent with international vision that has been tested by practice and is an important talent reserve of international high-end shipping organizations. Shi Yang suggested that it is necessary to open up the career development channels for these talents in domestic high-end shipping institutions (pilots representing national image, surveyors representing national quality and standards, professional maritime inspectors exercising national sovereignty, professors controlling teaching quality, researchers representing national equipment technology research institutions/manufacturers, etc.). ) and regard them as an important talent reserve for shipping powers. This is a shortcut and a wise choice for a shipping power. At the same time, it calls for top-level design, and the legislation of the Seafarers' Law is an urgent need for shipping powers.

Shi Yang suggested promoting the establishment of "China Seafarers' Sunshine Development Fund" to help unemployed young people in the central and western regions and a large number of unemployed workers in the coal and steel industries join the ranks of seafarers, help each other win-win, and create a strong shipping country in the future. He said that for students in the central and western regions and unemployed young people who graduated from high schools, technical schools or engineering courses, venture capital funds can be set up and risk protection mechanisms can be introduced. According to the foreign model, ordinary seafarers will be trained first, and engineers and drivers will be trained after working for 3 or 5 years. For unemployed workers, skilled technicians with safety awareness can be selected and absorbed into the ranks of seafarers. Pre-training and internship need economic help from the state and enterprises, such as re-employment training, so as to re-employment smoothly.

Xue-Gang Li has worked for 32 years and witnessed the growth of seafarers in China. Compared with 32 years ago, although the working environment and conditions of seafarers have undergone earth-shaking changes, the attraction of the seafarers industry is gradually disappearing.

Xue-Gang Li believes that increasing the attractiveness of seafarers' industry should be based on an important premise: a good shipping market. "If shipping companies don't make money, they can't improve the working conditions of seafarers. The average salary of bulk carrier cadres and seafarers this year is 5% lower than last year. If this situation continues, it will not be conducive to the healthy development of seafarers. " He suggested that the publicity of seafarers' profession should be strengthened.

The system protects the rights and interests of seafarers.

June 25th is the sixth World Seafarer's Day, and the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has set the theme of this year's activities as "Sailing for the World". According to the China Crew Development Report 20 15 released by the Ministry of Transport on June 24th, as of June 3rd last year, there were * * registered crew members137,224 in China, an increase of 25.6% compared with 20 10, and the crew size generally met the needs of shipping development. While the quantity is growing rapidly, the quality is also improving steadily. In recent years, China's seafarers' training quality and examination management ability have been further improved, including constantly improving the quality system of seafarers' training management, organizing the drafting of seafarers' training outline, reforming IMO demonstration courses, building a demonstration center for seafarers' practical evaluation, improving the examination outline and question bank for seafarers, strengthening the construction of examiners and assessors, and improving the certification management system. At present, the traditional administrative management has been broken, and seafarers can apply for certificates in different places, which is convenient for the majority of seafarers.

At present, 90% of the goods in world trade are transported by sea, and the living needs of 6.5 billion people around the world cannot be separated from the hard work of 65.438+0.5 million seafarers around the world. However, with the downturn of the international shipping market, seafarers' employment opportunities have decreased and their professional attractiveness has declined. Zheng Heping, inspector of China Maritime Safety Administration, said that seafarers usually work for 8-6 months before they arrange 2-4 months' vacation. In addition, the life of sailing at sea is bitter and boring, so many seafarers have saved money for a few years and jumped ship, and the industry is highly mobile.

In order to make seamen's career more attractive and convenient for work, the Ministry of Transport announced the third batch of seamen's service list on June 24, including the publication of "Seafarers' Collection" series, the implementation of paperless application for seamen's certificate, the provision of SMS reminder service for inland river seafarers, and the shortening of the publication time of seamen's examination results. "On the basis of the first and second batch of convenient crew service lists in the previous two years, the service scope has been extended to the crew of inland river ships." Zheng Heping said.

At the same time, the system of laws and regulations has been continuously improved, and international cooperation has been fully implemented, which has fundamentally improved the internal and external environment for the development of seafarers and safeguarded their rights and interests, and achieved initial results.

At present, the legal system based on the People's Republic of China (PRC) Seafarers' Regulations is more perfect, covering seafarers' registration, training, examination, certification, duty, service, rights and interests, etc. In addition, the Rules on Duty of China People and Domestic Inland Waterway Ship Crew was promulgated, and the Rules on Certification of Competency Examination for China People and Domestic Inland Waterway Ship Crew, the Measures on Certification of Special Training Examination for Inland Waterway Ship Crew and the Measures on Scoring for China People and Domestic Illegal Crew were revised.

In recent years, China has stepped up its efforts to fulfill international conventions and protect the rights and interests of seafarers. Last August, the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) passed the decision to ratify the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006, and China became the 68th country to ratify the Convention. Adopt China-ASEAN maritime education and training development strategy; China's independent assessment report on the implementation of the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers has passed the IMO audit, and it continues to maintain the IMO "white list" with zero defects.