What are the main motivation theories in modern psychology? What are the main points in theory?

The representative figures of reinforcement theory are Pavlov and Skinner. Their main point is that people's learning behavior tendency depends entirely on the stable relationship between a certain behavior and stimulation, and the reinforced behavior tends to reappear more than the unreinforced behavior, so continuous reinforcement can strengthen and consolidate this relationship.

It is believed that reinforcement can promote learning motivation. For example, in daily study and life, teachers will reward students with small red flowers and cards in order to make them study hard. Parents will reward their children to watch more TV, play more games or buy a toy.

2. Hierarchy of needs theory

Maslow is the representative of hierarchy of needs theory, whose main point is that people's behavioral motives are inspired on the basis of needs. People have five needs, namely, physiological needs, security needs, belonging and love needs, respect needs and self-realization needs. Therefore, Maslow believes that people will have corresponding learning motivation because of their inherent learning needs. For example, because people have physiological needs, they learn to eat and drink.

3. Achievement motivation theory

The representative figures of achievement motivation theory are mcclelland and Atkinson. Their main point is that achievement motivation is the internal motivation of individuals to achieve a valuable social goal. Personal achievement motivation can be divided into two parts: the tendency to succeed and the tendency to avoid failure. Success tendency refers to the psychological tendency to overcome obstacles and display talents in order to solve a difficult problem as soon as possible;

Avoiding the tendency of failure refers to avoiding the bad mood when the image of others is damaged by failure. Therefore, people who tend to succeed tend to choose tasks with 50% difficulty, and when they face failure, their learning motivation level will be improved; People who avoid failure tend to choose very easy or difficult tasks. When they face failure, their learning motivation level will drop.

4. Attribution theory of success or failure

Weiner is the representative of the attribution theory of success or failure. His main point is that attribution is people's explanation and evaluation of their own or others' activities and the reasons for their results. Psychologist Weiner systematically discusses the attribution of behavior results and divides attribution into three dimensions: internal attribution and external attribution; Stability attribution and instability attribution;

Controllable attribution and uncontrollable attribution. He also attributed the success or failure of human activities, that is, behavioral responsibility, to six factors, namely, ability, degree of effort, difficulty of tasks, good or bad luck, physical and mental state, and external environment. In the teacher recruitment examination, the main examination method is the matching of dimensions and factors. Here, candidates need to be able to accurately remember the dimensions corresponding to each factor in order to identify them smoothly during the exam.

In addition, among these six factors, if a student attributes his success to his strong ability for a long time, he is easy to be conceited. However, if a student attributes his failure to poor ability for a long time, then he is easy to give up on himself. The latter is called learned helplessness in educational psychology, which usually shows as follows:

Broken cans, broken falls, self-abandonment, loss of confidence, etc. Candidates should pay attention to the fact that the sense of learned helplessness often appears in the form of multiple-choice questions and true-false questions. Since attributing success or failure to ability will have adverse effects, teachers should guide students to attribute success or failure to the degree of hard work, which is conducive to students' growth and development.

5. Self-efficacy

Bandura is a representative of self-efficacy. His main point is that self-efficacy refers to people's subjective judgment on whether they can successfully engage in an achievement. Bandura pointed out in his motivation theory that human behavior is influenced by the result factors and antecedent factors of behavior. The result factor of behavior is reinforcement, including direct reinforcement, vicarious reinforcement and self-reinforcement. The antecedent factor is usually called expectation. Expectation includes result expectation and efficiency expectation.