What major does the chip belong to?

Huawei was strangled by the United States, and the whole country realized the importance of chip technology to the country. For aspiring young people who want to engage in the chip industry, what major can they choose for the college entrance examination?

Do chip design and choose microelectronics.

Microelectronics, represented by the design, manufacture and application of integrated circuits, is one of the fastest-growing high-tech application disciplines in modern times. Mainly the design, manufacturing process and software system of integrated circuits and microelectronic systems, and senior professionals who can engage in scientific research, teaching, engineering technology and technical management in microelectronics and related fields.

The best universities in this major are University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and xidian university, ranking above Tsinghua Peking University.

What major should universities choose if they want to engage in the chip industry?

Make chips and choose materials physics.

Microelectronics, represented by the design, manufacture and application of integrated circuits, is one of the fastest-growing high-tech application disciplines in modern times. Mainly the design, manufacturing process and software system of integrated circuits and microelectronic systems, and senior professionals who can engage in scientific research, teaching, engineering technology and technical management in microelectronics and related fields.

Besides Tsinghua, the best universities in this major are Beihang University and Wuhan University of Technology.

What major should universities choose if they want to engage in the chip industry?

Do software development on chip and choose computer science and technology.

Computer science and technology is a national first-class discipline, which consists of information security, software engineering, computer software and theory, computer architecture, computer application technology, computer technology and other disciplines. It mainly offers courses such as introduction to big data technology, data collection and processing practice, Web front-end and back-end development, statistics and data analysis, machine learning, advanced database system, data visualization, cloud computing technology, artificial intelligence, natural language processing, media big data case analysis, cyberspace security, computer network, data structure, software engineering, operating system, and a series of experiments in the direction of big data, and completes program design, data analysis and machine.

The best universities in this major are Tsinghua Peking University, Zhejiang University and National University of Defense Technology.

I don't know if you have heard the word "chip talent". The US Department of Commerce issued a statement on April 16, saying that ZTE would impose a seven-year export ban on the company because it violated the settlement agreement reached with the US government last year. This "ban" made China people feel the "weight" of a chip. ...

According to the "White Paper on Integrated Circuit Industry Talents in China (20 16-20 17)" issued by the Software and Integrated Circuit Promotion Center (CSIP) of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in May, 2065438 (hereinafter referred to as the White Paper), at present, the total number of integrated circuit employees in China is less than 300,000, but according to the total output value, 700,000 people are needed, and the total amount of personnel training is seriously insufficient.

How to fill the gap of 400,000 chip talents? The answer to the question lies not only in education.

Chip talent gap of 400,000

"Top-heavy"

Li Jidong, an associate professor at Beijing Jiaotong University, said that he saw that in the discussion of ZTE incident and national chip, he paid more attention to the technology gap and less attention to the talent problem. In his view, the shortage of domestic R&D and application chips, the more fundamental problem lies in the "top-heavy" computer talent training in China.

The white paper points out that the annual salary of R&D professionals in integrated circuit enterprises is nearly 300,000 yuan, and that of manufacturing professionals is nearly 200,000 yuan. The average annual salary of chip design undergraduate is nearly 6.5438+0.5 million yuan, and that of doctor is nearly 300,000 yuan. According to the survey, 80% of enterprises raise their salary once a year, and the proportion of each salary increase is mostly between 5%- 10%.

However, this salary level is obviously not as good as the salary of popular positions in Internet companies, especially big data and artificial intelligence. Recruitment information of Internet recruitment websites such as Lagou. According to com, the highest monthly salary of artificial intelligence talents with 4-5 years of work experience who graduated from computer science can reach 40,000 yuan. Considering that the salary of many Internet companies will exceed 12 months, the final annual salary may exceed 500,000 yuan.

The obvious salary difference has led some chip R&D talents with deep accumulation in the infrastructure field to begin to transform into the Internet application field. Lin Qin (a pseudonym) is one of them. According to his understanding, the salary obtained from working in chip R&D institutions or enterprises in first-tier cities such as Beishang Shenzhen is often not as good as that provided by first-tier Internet companies, and Internet giants such as Ali and Baidu have also begun to increase their investment in core technology research and development at a lower level.

In addition to salary, there is a top-heavy problem in the training of domestic IT talents, and it is also because the threshold of low-level technologies such as chips is high, and only top universities such as "985" can train them; It is also because there are still some problems in the domestic talent training system and mechanism.

Talent evaluation system in IT field

It's time to change.

Zhang Yongfeng, an associate professor at Dalian Neusoft Institute of Information, bluntly said that the talent evaluation system in the IT field should be changed. "All majors can't be cut across the board, especially the national title evaluation and performance appraisal." He believes that in the field of chips, China has fallen behind Europe and America, and it is impossible to make a lot of achievements and make a lot of money in a short time. If the assessment of chip talents is still based on academic papers and performance theory, as in other fields, then many people may leave this field and choose jobs with better pay.

He believes that higher education in China should strengthen the cultivation of engineer culture. "In order to send papers and seek novelty and difference, people don't pay much attention to engineering and think that engineering is a relatively low-level thing. In the field of chip R&D and production, engineers are the key factors to determine whether chip design innovation can land. " Zhang Yongfeng suggested that, with reference to the mature experience in Europe and America, a national unified learning and practice platform with the theme of integrated circuit design and manufacturing should be established, and a platform for EDA tools, process libraries and even experiments of integrated circuit design should be provided. Students majoring in integrated circuits all over the country can apply to use the resources on this platform. This can improve the quality of personnel training and reduce the repeated construction of resources between universities. Like some mature integrated circuit processes, they can be completely shared on the platform for students to learn. "

What are the majors related to "Chip"?

"Chip" refers to all electronic components, and it is a circuit module that integrates various electronic components on a silicon board to achieve specific functions. It is the most important part of electronic equipment, which undertakes the functions of operation and storage. The application scope of integrated circuits covers almost all military and civilian electronic equipment.

Therefore, students who want to engage in "chip" career-related work can consider the following professional directions:

Major 1: Electronic and Electrical Engineering

"Chip" Design and Manufacturing Major: Electronic/Electrical Engineering (EE)- Main Research Direction (Part)

Communication and network: in short, it is the link to realize information exchange between people, people and computers, computers and computing, so as to realize information sharing. For example, 4G technology, Internet, WIFI, etc. All fall into this category.

Microelectronics: The branch of electronics that studies microcircuits, power supplies and systems formed on semiconductor materials. This is gradually developed in the ultra-miniaturization of electronic circuits.

Automation: refers to the process that machines, equipment, systems or processes (production and management processes) achieve the expected goals through automatic detection, information processing, analysis, judgment, manipulation and control according to human requirements without direct participation of few people. For example, you set the control panel of the air conditioner to turn off on time, the mechanical arm for manufacturing cars to turn off on time, and the packaging assembly line to turn off on time.

Bioengineering: widely used in medical fields, such as ultrasound, CT, biosensor, etc.

Electronics and integrated circuit: It is a circuit that integrates a certain number of common electronic components, such as resistors, capacitors and transistors, and has specific functions. And wires between these elements. Simply put, the computer motherboard we see is.

Optoelectronic: Based on optoelectronics, optics, precision machinery, electronics and computer technology are comprehensively applied to solve various engineering applications. The laser, holographic technology and solar photovoltaic we see are all photoelectric.

Power engineering: engineering related to the production, transmission and distribution of electric energy. We see wires, substations, thermal power plants, wind power, hydropower and nuclear power plants.

Electromagnetism: the study of electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic fields and related charges, dynamics of charged objects, etc. Such as speakers, electromagnetic switches, magnetic therapy, induction cookers.

Materials and Devices: The research scope covers semiconductor devices, microelectronic devices, nanomaterials, etc. This is easier to understand.

Each direction has different requirements for students to be good at their own subjects, and EE is also one of the interdisciplinary majors. Everyone needs to be good at mathematics, physics, computer and other related subjects. Because it is a high-tech industry in the United States, application is also one of the most intense majors.

Major 2: Computer Science and Technology

Computer specialty covers software engineering specialty, which mainly cultivates senior scientific and technological talents who have good scientific literacy, systematically and well grasp the basic theories, knowledge, skills and methods of computer science and technology, including computer hardware, software and applications, and can engage in computer teaching, research and application in scientific research departments, educational units, enterprises and institutions, and technical and administrative departments.