Science, education, culture and health in fuchuan yao autonomous county

The educational administration in fuchuan county in the Ming Dynasty was the Confucianism Department. The early Qing dynasty followed the Ming system. In the 42nd year of Kangxi (1703), the Education Department was set up at the back of Minglun Temple. In the forty-seventh year of Kangxi, there were two teaching workshops. The Confucianism Department was still in Gong Xue, and the teaching workshops and teaching workshops were co-located. In the 13th year of Daoguang (1833), a discipline department was set up, each with its own responsibilities. In the fifth year of Xianfeng (1855), the county government was burned down by fire, and the magistrate borrowed two offices to work until the tenth year of Guangxu (1884). In the thirty-third year of Guangxu (1907), the Confucianism Department was renamed as the Persuasion Department. The director is called the general director, and the scholars who go out for inspection are called Confucianism. Xuantongyuannian (1909) changed the general director to the director and set up two other students. In 2 1 year, the Education Bureau was established. In June of 22, the Provincial Bureau was ordered to set up a branch, and the county magistrate was fully responsible for the county's education. The county government set up an education department. In August, 2004, a central elementary school for nationalities was established in 17 townships (towns), and each township (town) office had 1 full-time director. In 27 years, the Education Department of the county government. In 28 years, it was changed to the third division of the county government. The director of the counseling department of each township (town) center school is concurrently appointed by the deputy township (town) director. In 30 years of the Republic of China, township offices and central schools were set up separately, and full-time principals were restored.

After liberation, in June of 1950 and 1, the Department of Culture and Education was established to take charge of education administration. 1952 merged into fuzhong county. The county government has a cultural and educational office, and the 14 district government has a 1 cultural and educational assistant. Each district is divided into several school districts, each school district has a central school, and the leadership system of the central school is implemented. 1958, the merger of culture, education and health in the county was called culture, education and science. 1959 was then called the bureau of culture and education, 1 director, 1 deputy director, with two staff members. Each district has 1 full-time primary school counselors who also provide administrative and operational guidance. 196 1 After the partition of Fuchuan and Zhongshan, the county government set up the Ministry of Culture and Education. 1967 the county revolutionary Committee set up a cultural and educational leading group. 1968 set up the education group of the political work group, and each commune set up the primary education revolutionary committee, 1 director and several deputy directors. 1 In May 1972, it was renamed the Bureau of Culture and Education,1Director, 2 Deputy Director. Each commune has an education group, with 1 leaders and a few people specially appointed by the county bureau of culture and education. 1973 10, renamed as the Education Bureau, 1978, the education groups of the communes assisted the Education Bureau in managing education administration and education business. 1 In June 1984, the Education Bureau was established, with the director 1 person, two deputy directors and researchers1person. 1 room has seven units (office, general education unit, personnel unit, vocational education unit, adult education unit, infrastructure unit, discipline inspection unit and accounting unit), and each unit has its own settings. 20 12, the implementation of Lianshan, Welfare, Mailing, Chaodong and other four township central kindergartens; During the year, the county third middle school invested 7.7 million yuan and the county third kindergarten project invested 5.4 million yuan. The pilot project of improving nutrition for students in rural compulsory education schools was implemented, and the coverage rate of the county reached over 30%. Since 1963, people's singing materials, Fujiang literature and art, Fuchuan literature and art, Fujiang literature and art and Yaosheng have been established one after another. Up to 1986, these publications have been published 64 times. Fujiang Literature and Art is a literary quarterly of Fuchuan Federation of Literary and Art Circles, which is regularly mimeographed from 1963 to 1966 and published in 13 issues. 1967 changed its name to Fuchuan Literature and Art, and 1980 changed its name to Fujiang. It mainly printed in type, mainly published novels, essays, poems and other literary works by authors in the county, and published excellent works posted from other places. Because of its various forms and strong local color, it is 5438+09865438+

The folk literature and art of the Yao and Han nationalities in Fuchuan are diverse and rich in content. 1979 set up a leading group for collecting and sorting out folk literature, determined editors, organized a general survey team, and conducted a comprehensive survey according to different dialect areas in Fuchuan, and divided dialects into Mianyu District, Qidu, Ba Du and Jiudu Dialects, Wuzhou Dialect and Han Family Mandarin Dialect. After the census, it was classified, focusing on the "Wuzhou people" of Yao and Fuchuan, and on the basis of mastering a large number of first-hand folk materials, it was classified and compiled into a book. By 2000, the compilation of Fuchuan folk songs, Fuchuan folk instrumental music, Fuchuan folk dance, Fuchuan opera records, Fuchuan folk stories, Fuchuan folk proverbs and Fuchuan folk songs was basically completed. Some materials were selected into China Folk Dance Integration Guangxi Volume. 1August, 988, the first draft of Fuchuan Cultural Records was also completed.

Fuchuan dialect includes Chinese dialect and Yao dialect. Chinese dialects are divided into Fuyang dialect, Jia Min dialect, Qidu dialect, Wuzhou dialect, Hakka dialect and Baoqing dialect. Yao dialect, calling itself Mianhua. Due to the needs of long-term social communication and cultural education, Fuyang dialect, a Chinese dialect, has become the main language of social communication among people of all ethnic groups in Fuchuan. Most Yao and Han compatriots who speak Chinese and Yao dialects can understand or use Fuyang dialect for language communication. Characters, the common Chinese characters in the county.

The dragon dance on the 15th day of the first month in fuchuan yao autonomous county is the most primitive sports dance. Dancing dragons, strings of firecrackers and surging crowds are all exciting, and everyone who has experienced them will never forget them.

From the tenth day to the fifteenth day of the first month, for several days in a row, the sacred building of Fuchuan Ancient Ming City was filled with incense from morning till night, and people were buzzing. The firecrackers in the flower street downstairs are endless, and the festive atmosphere is very rich. According to the traditional custom, during the Lantern Festival, the newly-added householders will entertain relatives and friends, men, women and children in the whole street for several days, and neighbors will beat gongs and drums and dance dragons and lions to celebrate. People are immersed in the joy of the festival. Every evening, after people have had enough to eat and drink, they go to the street to watch dragon dancing and frying dragons. Sometimes several dragons dance together in the street. Where the dragon dances, firecrackers are ringing, and the people watching are three floors away.

On the fifteenth night of the first month, the excitement reached its climax. At nine o'clock in the evening, the streets in the center of the county and the balconies of buildings facing the street are crowded with people. Youlong came running one by one, firecrackers became more and more dense, and thousands of spectators chased Youlong to watch the fun. The boys dancing dragon are wearing tight black clothes, headscarves, masks and tight pants. They held the dragon body high in their hands and danced constantly, cleverly avoiding firecrackers thrown from all directions. Those fried dragons with firecrackers in one hand and incense in the other run around the dragon body, chasing the dragon body, throwing the lit firecrackers at the dragon body whenever possible, and sometimes shooting in all directions, so that the dragon dancers have no chance to breathe! The audience is even more crowded.

Dragon dancers are proud of their wisdom and courage! Dragon bombers are addicted to paying money, and they are happy, and everyone wants to be lively and happy. The audience enjoyed the dragon dancing and frying. The dragon dance and fried dragon will last for several hours, and the whole dragon dance will not end until midnight when the family get together for a reunion dinner. Streets and alleys, leaving a thick layer of red firecrackers paper. When the smoke clears, the new year really begins. In the twenty-seventh year of the Republic of China (1938), the county hospital set up a county clinic in the county seat, located in Sanjie Temple, with no western medicine and 9 medical staff. In 32, the county medical office was renamed as a health center. In 34 and 35, the county government changed the dilapidated Sanjie Temple in Fuyang Town into a county hospital. After liberation, 195 1 established Fuchuan Health Center, and 1952 merged with Zhongshan County. The original fuchuan county Health Center was changed to Fuyang People's Health Branch of Fuzhong County. At that time, there were 28 cadres and workers and 20 beds, and the equipment was very simple. 196 1 After the partition with Zhongshan, the health service in Fuchuan has been developing continuously.

196 1 After the partition of Fuchuan and Zhongshan in, fuchuan county People's Hospital was established in July of the same year, and its address is still located in the former Fuyang People's Health Center. In August of the same year, 65438+February, five doctors of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine graduated from junior college, and four technicians and nurses graduated from technical secondary school, which strengthened the strength of the county people's hospital. The county hospital was expanded in 1963, and by the end of 1964, six bungalows, including outpatient department, pediatric ward, gynecological ward, operating room, infectious ward and canteen, were built, with a total area of 1800 square meters. Increase to 86 beds. 1965, the number of staff increased to 60, and 20 medical staff graduated from junior college. 1989 * * * The total number of cadres and workers is 298, and professional and technical personnel account for 82% of the total number. 1978 started the construction of the outpatient building with a total area of 1800 square meters, 1980 completed the gynecological operation building with a total area of 2000 square meters including the operating room, 1983 was completed and put into use, with 126 beds. During this period, 2 tons of boilers and a second 200AMX X ray machine were added. From 1982 to 1986, a 2,500-square-meter pediatric building, a three-story building connecting outpatient service and surgery, surgery and internal medicine, an emergency department, a boiler room, an overpass and other 2,500-square-meter areas were built; Three residential buildings (62 sets) with a total area of 4,000 square meters have been built; Add 300AM and 500AMX-ray machines, B-ultrasound, M-ultrasound, EEG gastroscope, colposcope, hysteroscope, multiple automatic ventilators, large washing machines and dryers, update 200 beds, add various mechanized kitchen equipment, install elevators and 0.5-ton and 2-ton boilers, with a total investment of 300,000 yuan. With the opening of 242 beds, the hospital has become a comprehensive hospital taking shape. At present, there are 6 clinical departments including internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics, emergency and outpatient, 4 medical departments including radiology, functional department, pharmacy and laboratory, and 4 functional departments including general affairs, preventive health care, nursing and office. The number of cadres and workers increased to 2 16 (including temporary workers), basically forming fuchuan county Medical Technology Center. By 1989, county hospitals can diagnose and treat many difficult diseases, such as myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, and various obstetric emergency operations, and hospital pharmacies can prepare 40 kinds of drugs by themselves.

County Institute of Dermatology and Prevention was established in 1959, when there were three medical staff. The former hospital was located in Niutoushan, Shangdong Village, Gepo Township, and 198 1 moved to the county seat. 1989, the medical service room is 80 square meters, the staff dormitory is 500 square meters, and the medical staff 18 people.

Before the liberation of the County Maternal and Child Health Center, there were only two midwives in Fuchuan Health Center since 34 years of the Republic of China, and there was no maternal and child health care institution. After liberation, the 1953 Fuzhong County Maternal and Child Health Station was established, with two staff members. The central task of the health station is to vigorously promote new delivery methods and train and improve the technical level of midwives. 196 1 After the county was divided, fuchuan county Maternal and Child Health Station was established with 3 staff members. During the "Cultural Revolution", the health stations were abolished and the staff were assigned to various medical units. At that time, the only hospital bed and a baby care box were also moved to the county hospital. Maternal and child health care paralysis. 1972 restore the county maternal and child health care station, with 7 staff, and reorganize the training for rural midwives. From 65438 to 0979, the county began to establish and improve the network of maternal and child health care organizations. Every commune health center has a maternal and child group, and every brigade has a midwife. 1985, the number of health station staff increased to 2 1, and women's health care groups and children's health care groups were established respectively. To 1989, with 33 staff members.

County Epidemic Prevention Station During the Republic of China, there was no special health and epidemic prevention institution in the county, and there was only one health inspector in the county, who was also responsible for vaccination. After liberation, health and epidemic prevention institutes developed. 196 1, the county epidemic prevention station was established. At that time, there were only three staff members. 1985 has supervision departments for epidemiology, public health and food hygiene. 1989, with 34 staff members. Township health centers also set up epidemic prevention groups accordingly, including full-time epidemic prevention doctors 12 and village doctors 1 17. The county has formed a three-level health and epidemic prevention network. In 27 years, there were 4 township clinics in the county. In 32 years of the Republic of China, the number of township clinics increased to 8, and each township clinic had only one doctor. The annual health expenditure was 160 yuan (national currency). After liberation, district (township) hospitals have made great progress. In 1989, there were 1 central hospitals, 1 township hospitals,1township hospitals. The state invested 300,000 yuan in the construction, and 2 100 medical service rooms were built.

Village Health Station 1966, and County Health Bureau gradually carried out training for rural doctors. Go to 1979, * * * hold 13, and train rural doctors 381; Township hospitals trained 925 people. 1967, the brigade began to run clinics, and there were 36 brigade clinics in the county. 197 1 was renamed as the cooperative medical room of the brigade, and there were 105 cooperative medical rooms in the county, accounting for 97.2% of the total number of the brigade. Among them, 66 cooperative medical rooms are equipped with red medical knife bags, 2 simple beds, portable autoclaves and other equipment.