What should I do if I have no experience in raising rabbits?

(1) site selection

The location of rabbit farm should not only consider the living habits of rabbits, but also consider the natural and social conditions of the site. The ideal rabbit farm site selection should meet the following conditions:

1. The terrain is high, dry and flat: the rabbit farm should choose a place with high, dry and flat terrain, sunny lee and good drainage. If you build a field in a mountainous area, you should choose a warm slope with a small slope and higher than the foot of the mountain. It is not advisable to build rabbit farms in low-lying, valley and shady places. The ground water level should be below 2m, and low or high terrain is harmful to the health of rabbits.

2. Adequate water source: The rabbit farm needs a lot of water every day, and the water source should be clean and pollution-free, with good water quality. It is best to use deep well water, tap water and spring water, and don't pit water.

3. Convenient transportation: The rabbit farm should be located in a place with quiet environment and convenient transportation, not less than 500m away from villages and towns, 300m away from traffic trunk lines, 100m away from general roads and not less than 50m away from rabbit farms. Large rabbit farms should be separated from the outside world by fences or natural barriers, and special roads should be set up to connect with traffic trunk lines to facilitate epidemic prevention and sanitation.

4. Orientation of the rabbit farm: The rabbit farm should be built in the leeward and sunny place. Generally, the rabbit house should face south to ensure sufficient light in the rabbit house. Southeast wind prevails in most parts of China in summer, and northeast wind or northwest wind prevails in winter. Sitting in a room facing south, you can get more sunshine in winter and avoid too much sunshine in summer.

5. Social connection: The rabbit farm construction should also take a long-term view, pay attention to comprehensive utilization and ecological virtuous circle, and constantly improve economic and social benefits. Rabbit farm can't be the pollution source of the surrounding environment, and it can't be polluted by the surrounding environment. Therefore, the rabbit farm should be built in the downwind of residential areas and away from the sewage outlets in residential areas.

6. There should be a certain area of feed land: there should be at least one green feed land, which can reduce the cost and ensure the timely supply of green feed. It is necessary not only to ensure the cleanliness of forage grass, but also to avoid the disease of rabbits caused by bacteria and viruses brought in by outsourced forage grass.

7. Pay attention to soil quality: the most ideal soil quality is sandy loam, which is large in particle size and easy to seep, which is beneficial to keep the field dry, prevent diseases and operate artificially. In addition, sandy loam is strong, which helps to bear the pressure of rabbit house on the ground. Even when the temperature is low in winter and the soil is frozen or thawed, the wall foundation will not deform and sink, which will keep the buildings on the ground straight and prolong the service life. Sandy loam is superior to loess and clay.

(2) Architectural layout

The building layout of rabbit farm should not only use the land economically and reasonably, but also be neat and compact, and conform to the health and epidemic prevention norms.

1. production area: the production area is the core area of the rabbit farm and the main body in the overall layout, so it should be carefully considered. According to the main wind direction, rabbit houses-young rabbit houses-production rabbit houses, etc. In order to facilitate ventilation, the long axis of rabbit shed should be aligned with the dominant wind in summer, so that the layout is neat and compact, and the land use is economical and reasonable. The production area should be isolated with a fence, and a disinfection pool should be set at the door.

2. Living management area: including living, management and ancillary facilities (shearing room, artificial insemination room, feed storage and processing room, etc.). ). frequent contact with society, easy to arrange in the corner of the rabbit farm. The living management area should be separated from the production area by fences. Foreign personnel and vehicles can only move in the living management area and are not allowed to enter the production area to facilitate epidemic prevention and health work. Updraft.

3. Isolation area: Generally, all improved rabbit farms should be equipped with isolation rooms, and purchased breeding rabbits or eliminated breeding rabbits and sick rabbits should be placed in the isolation room for observation. The isolation area should be built in the downwind direction, away from the healthy rabbit house.

Second, the rabbit house building

(a) Building requirements

In order to give full play to the production potential of rabbits and improve the economic benefits of raising rabbits, the following basic requirements must be followed when building houses:

1. rabbit house design: it must conform to the living habits of rabbits, which is conducive to the growth and reproduction of rabbits, keeping them clean and sanitary, and preventing the spread of epidemics.

2. Rabbit house environment: conducive to scientific feeding management, reducing labor intensity and improving work efficiency. The total height of the fixed multilayer rabbit cage should not be too high. In order to facilitate cleaning and disinfection, the width of double-row tunnel should be about 1.5m, and the width of dung ditch should not be less than 0.3m ..

3. Building materials: adjust measures to local conditions, use local materials, try to reduce costs and save investment. Because rabbits have the special ability of rodent behavior and digging holes, building materials should be bricks, stones, cement, bamboo chips, net iron sheets, etc., which have the characteristics of anticorrosion, heat preservation, firmness and durability.

4. Facilities requirements: The rabbit house building should have rain-proof, moisture-proof, wind-proof, cold-proof, heatstroke-proof and animal-proof facilities. The rabbit house should be ventilated and dry, with sufficient light, warm in winter and cool in summer. The roof of the rabbit house should be covered with insulation; The wall surface should be firm and smooth, which is convenient for descaling and disinfection; The ground should be solid and flat, generally 20 ~ 25 cm higher than the ground outside the rabbit house.

5. Capacity of rabbit huts: In general large and medium-sized rabbit farms, it is appropriate to keep 100 ~ 200 adult rabbits in each rabbit huts, and divide them into small areas according to the specific situation, with about 100 rabbits in each small area. The scale of the rabbit house should be adapted to the production responsibility system. According to the practical production experience, it is generally appropriate for each feeding room 100 cage position. The breeding, breeding and breeding of male and female rabbits are all contracted to breeders, with clear responsibilities and rights and good results.

(2) Type of rabbit house

The type of shelter should depend on the feeding method. China has a vast territory, different climatic conditions and different feeding methods, so there are various types of rabbit houses.

1. shed rabbit house: there is only a roof without walls around, and a rabbit cage or net fence is placed under the roof. It is used in some areas with small temperature difference in southern China and abroad. The advantages are simple structure, convenient material acquisition, less investment, good ventilation, sufficient light and convenient management, and it is especially suitable for feeding young rabbits and young rabbits. The disadvantage is that it is difficult to keep warm in winter, and the temperature difference between day and night is large, which can't stop the rain and snow.

2. Semi-open rabbit house: There is no wall on one or both sides of this rabbit house, and the back wall of the rabbit cage is equivalent to the wall of the rabbit house. More common in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and warm areas in the south. Semi-open rabbit huts can be divided into single row and double row according to the arrangement of rabbit cages.

(1) Single-row semi-open rabbit house: the north wall adopts three stacks of back walls without cages, and the south has one or half walls. Its advantages are simple structure, low cost, good ventilation, convenient management, convenient heat preservation in winter and easy heat dissipation in summer, which is beneficial to the growth and development of young rabbits and the prevention of diseases. The disadvantages are low density of house feeding and high cost of single cage.

(2) Double-row semi-open rabbit house: there is a feeding channel in the middle and two opposite rows of rabbit cages on both sides. The south wall and the north wall of the rabbit house are the back walls of the rabbit cage. The roof truss should be connected with the back wall of the rabbit cage, and there is a dung clearing ditch outside the wall. Its advantages are high number of cages per unit area, low cost, less indoor harmful gas, low humidity, convenient management, ventilation in summer and easy heat preservation in winter. The disadvantage is the beast of Yi Dao. In a word, the advantages of this rabbit house outweigh the disadvantages, and it is especially suitable for small and medium-sized rabbit farms and professional households.

3. Indoor rabbit house

The surrounding walls are complete, with roofs, windows and ventilation holes on the south and north walls, and doors and passages on the east and west walls. Rabbit cages for single, double, four or more people can be set up.

The advantages of this rabbit house are good ventilation and convenient management, which is conducive to thermal insulation. Intensive production can be organized, and breeding can be carried out all year round, which is conducive to improving the utilization rate and labor productivity of rabbit houses. The disadvantage is that the humidity in the rabbit house is high and the concentration of harmful gases is high, which makes rabbits prone to respiratory diseases.

4. Closed rabbit house: This rabbit house is surrounded by walls and has no windows. The ventilation, temperature, humidity and light in the house are completely controlled manually or automatically by the corresponding equipment, which can automatically feed, drink and defecate. Its advantages are high production level and labor efficiency, high and stable weight gain speed, control of feed consumption, and help to prevent the spread of various diseases. Disadvantages are large one-time investment and high operating cost.

5. Grate feeding group rabbit house: This kind of rabbit house can be rebuilt by using idle old houses or other livestock and poultry houses, or it can be built by itself. A feeding room of 8-65438+ 100m2 can be built in the rabbit house with bamboo chips, wooden sticks or barbed wire with a height of 60-80 cm, or bricks and adobe, and each feeding room can feed 30-40 meat rabbits and 20-30 young rabbits.

(3) Construction of rabbit cages and ancillary facilities

1. Design requirements of rabbit cage: Rabbit cage is an important equipment in rabbit production. The structure and specifications of rabbit cages should be economical and practical, easy to operate and clean, and meet the physiological requirements of rabbits.

(1) rabbit cage specifications: Generally speaking, rabbits can move freely in the cage. Except that fattening rabbits need smaller rabbit cages, the general standard cage length is twice that of adult rabbits, the cage width is 1.5 times, and the cage height is 1.2 times. In order to facilitate operation, management and maintenance, the total height of rabbit cages should be controlled below 2m, and the height of the bottom rabbit cages above the ground should be above 25cm, which is beneficial to ventilation and moistureproof, so that the bottom rabbits can have a better living environment.

(2) Rabbit cage assembly

① Cage wall: The inner wall of rabbit cage must be smooth, which can be made of brick or cement board, or nailed with bamboo or metal plate.

② Stool bearing plate: generally made of cement board, with a thickness of 2 ~ 2.5 cm. In a multi-layer rabbit cage, the upper manure bearing plate is the top of the lower rabbit cage, which should protrude 3 ~ 5 cm from the front of the cage, 5 ~ 10 cm from the rear wall, and tilt about 15 degrees to the rear wall of the cage, so as to facilitate the cleaning of feces and urine.

③ Cage bottom plate: generally made of bamboo or galvanized cold-drawn steel wire. The bamboo chips should be flat, with a width of 2.2 ~ 2.5 cm and a thickness of 0.7 ~ 0.8 cm, with a spacing of 1 ~ 1.2 cm, and the direction of the bamboo chips should be perpendicular to the cage door. The bottom plate of the cage should be installed movably to facilitate regular disinfection. It can also be made of plastic-coated cold-drawn steel wire or nylon cold-drawn steel wire, and the mesh is generally 1.3cm square.

④ Cage door: Generally, it should be installed in front of the cage, which requires convenient switch and can prevent animal injuries and bites. Generally, it is advisable to install the shaft on the right side and open the door on the right side. In order to improve work efficiency, grass racks, food troughs, water dispensers, etc. Can be hung on the cage door to increase the practical area in the cage and reduce the number of door opening.

(3) Component materials:

① Cement prefabricated rabbit cage: the side wall, back wall and dung bearing plate of this rabbit cage are all made of cement prefabricated parts, and the cage door and bottom plate are still made of other materials.

(2) Rabbit cages made of bamboo (wood): In mountainous areas, bamboo and wood are convenient to use, and the number of rabbits is small, so cages can be made without bamboo and wood.

(3) Masonry rabbit cages: there are masonry rabbit cages. This kind of rabbit cage is widely used in outdoor rabbit breeding in the south, and it is generally built with 2 ~ 3 floors. The cage and shed are well combined.

④ Metal mesh rabbit cage: generally welded with galvanized cold-drawn steel wire, suitable for industrial, chemical and rabbit breeding production.

⑤ All-plastic rabbit cage: it is assembled from engineering plastic parts, and can also be molded by one-step molding.

2. Rabbit cage form: There are two kinds of rabbit cages: movable and fixed.

(1) Movable rabbit cage: generally made of bamboo, wood or galvanized cold-drawn steel wire, it can be divided into single-layer movable type, double-layer movable type, single-room overlapping type, double-layer overlapping type and outdoor single-room movable type according to its structural characteristics.

(2) Fixed rabbit cages: Generally, cement prefabricated parts or brick-wood structures are used, which can be divided into outdoor simple rabbit cages, indoor multi-layer rabbit cages, vertical double-chamber rabbit cages and ground single-layer rabbit cages according to structural characteristics.

① Simple outdoor rabbit cage: it must be rain-proof, moisture-proof, heatstroke-proof and cold-proof. There are eaves in front of the cage door, the bottom of the cage is more than 30cm from the ground, the cage wall is firm, and the cage door should not be too big to prevent animal injury. The mother rabbit cage can be provided with a delivery room. The outdoor simple rabbit cage can be built in a single layer or in multiple layers.

② Indoor multilayer rabbit cages: generally brick and wood structures or cement prefabricated parts. For the convenience of management, the total height of the cage is 1.85 ~ 1.90 m, the front distance of the two-layer rabbit cage is not less than 12cm, the back distance is 20 ~ 25 cm, and the bottom layer is more than 30cm from the ground. Indoor multilayer rabbit cages can be single-row or double-row.

(3) Column-type double-chamber rabbit cage: This cage consists of long-arm column frame, top plate, side arm plate, front net, back net and bottom net, in which the long-arm column frame, top plate (also the manure bearing plate of the upper cage) and side wall plate must be reinforced concrete prefabricated parts.

This kind of cage has two characteristics: first, the dung-bearing plates on the same floor are all connected together without any barrier in the middle, which is convenient for cleaning; Secondly, the pedestal of the column frame is a two-way slope, the dung ditch is next to the slope, and the dung cleaning road is in front of the rabbit cage. This dung ditch is an open ditch, which is easy to clean and disinfect, and the smell in the rabbit house is small. Practice has proved that the effect is good.

④ Single-floor cage-free: This kind of rabbit cage is mostly of cement structure, close to one side of the rabbit house, with a cage bottom of 60 ~ 120 cm, a width of 60 ~ 70 cm and a height of 60 ~ 80 cm, without a cage door and an upward opening. The advantages of this rabbit cage are beneficial to the growth and development of young rabbits, heat preservation and prevention of animal injuries. The disadvantage is that it is not convenient to clean and replace the mat grass, and it is not convenient to supply water and feed. Therefore, at present, some rabbit farms have replaced the grass at the bottom of the cage with bamboo strips or movable net boards, cleaned and disinfected regularly, and covered the top of the cage with bamboo strips or barbed wire.

3. Other appliances in the rabbit house

The commonly used equipment in rabbit houses includes feeding and drinking water equipment, cat litter box, sewage treatment equipment, etc.

(1) Feeding trough: Also called feeding trough, it must be practical and durable, especially resistant to biting and not easy to fall over. The convenience of cleaning, disinfection and maintenance should also be considered when making a trough, and it is best to use a movable trough. At present, there are many kinds of commonly used tanks, such as bamboo tanks, ceramic tanks, cement tanks, iron tanks, plastic tanks and so on.

(2) Straw rack: It is used to feed turquoise feed and hay. Generally, it is made of wood strips or bamboo pieces into a V-shaped straw rack. The straw rack used for raising rabbits or playing fields can be nailed with a length of 100cm, a height of 50 cm and an upper opening width of 40cm；; ; The grass frame for raising rabbits in cages is generally fixed on the cage door and is also V-shaped. The gap between the inside and outside of the straw frame is 4cm, and it can be made of metal wire, bamboo pieces or wooden strips.

(3) Cat litter box: also called nest box. Usually made of wood or metal plate and hard plastic. It is best to embed fiberboard or wooden board in the inner wall of metal dustbin to cool the bottom plate. Wooden garbage bins are generally nailed with wooden boards, and the thickness of wooden boards is 1.5 ~ 2 cm. The wooden box should be scraped clean inside and outside, and nails should not be exposed. There are several small holes in the bottom of the box to facilitate urine flow. At present, the commonly used cat litter box is shown in the figure.

(4) Water dispenser: porcelain bowls or ceramic bowls commonly used in small rabbit farms or families; When caged, the glass bottle containing water can be fixed outside the rabbit cage in an upside-down way, and the bottle mouth is connected with a rubber tube, which extends into the cage through the front net of the cage. Air pressure forces water out of the bottle for the rabbit to drink. Most large rabbit farms use nipple drinking fountains, which are composed of decompression water tanks, control valves, water pipes and drinking nipples.

(5) Sewerage system: Sewerage system mainly includes dung ditch, drainage pipe, dung pit and dung cleaning machinery, etc. Manure ditch is mainly used to remove feces and urine and sewage. During construction, it is required that the surface is smooth and leakproof, and the slope is 1% ~ 1.5%. The septic tank should be located in the downwind 20 m away from the rabbit house, and the mouth of the tank should be 10 ~ 20 cm above the ground to prevent surface water from flowing into the tank. At present, most rabbit farms in China use manual cleaning or water flushing of feces. Manual cleaning is suitable for small rabbit farms or family rabbits. Although it can save investment, it is time-consuming and laborious. Washed dung is mostly used in multi-row rabbit houses. Although it can save labor, it consumes a lot of water and is not suitable for water-deficient areas.

In a rabbit farm with a high degree of mechanization, a traction scraper is generally used, and the motor pulls the steel rope to make the scraper scrape back and forth, so that all feces and urine are scraped into the dung storage tank. This sewage system is simple in structure and low in cost, but after long-term use, the dung scraper cannot be cleaned due to wear. Well, rabbits are not difficult to raise! Learn more and raise it once. Introduce a website (special breeder) for learning breeding techniques.