What is the average speed of passenger ships?

Abstract: As the name implies, a passenger ship is a ship that carries passengers, and it refers to a ship that is specially used to transport passengers, their luggage and mail. According to the regulations, any ship carrying more than 12 passengers, regardless of whether it carries goods at the same time, is a passenger ship. The classification of passenger ships includes ocean-going passenger ships, tourist ships, automobile passenger ships, ro-ro passenger ships and inland river passenger ships. Let's learn more about passenger ships. 1. What are the classifications of passenger ships?

1, ocean-going passenger ship

There are two kinds of ocean-going passenger ships and coastal passenger and cargo ships. Ocean-going aircraft carriers were developed in the 1940s. At that time, it was a mixed cargo and passenger ship. Later, due to the increase of passenger and cargo flow, passenger and freight gradually separated and became a large ocean liner that only transported passengers. Ocean liners used to be called "mail ships" because they carried mail at the same time. Large ocean-going passenger ships are generally larger.

The gross tonnage is 654.38+100000 tons, the speed is more than 20 nautical miles per hour, there are 2-3 classes, and there are many public places on board. After the appearance of long-range jet passenger planes in the late 1950s, they gradually stole the tourists from ocean-going passenger ships. Because the construction and maintenance cost of large high-speed passenger ships is extremely high, and the speed is much lower than that of airplanes, which does not meet the needs of modern economy, such ships have declined for more than ten years. The large-scale ocean-going passenger liner route disappeared completely in the world in June 65438 +09771October 65438. Coastal passenger and cargo ships are generally less than 6000 gross tons, and the speed is 14 ~ 18 nautical miles per hour. There are many classes of shipping space and large cargo capacity. The Long March, a passenger and cargo ship off the coast of China, has a total tonnage of 5,926 tons, a length of 124 meters, six decks, 9000 horsepower and a speed of 18 nautical miles per hour, and can carry about 900 passengers and 2000 tons of cargo.

2. Tourist boats

Tourist ships are similar to large ocean-going passenger ships, with a total tonnage of 20,000-40,000 tons and can carry 800- 1.400 passengers. The engine room is located in the middle and rear of the ship, with a speed of 20-24 knots. They cruise on the scenic sea or sail around the world regularly, and engage in inter-port traffic. Tourist boats should not only meet the requirements of tourists, but also enable tourists to achieve the purpose of recuperation, vacation, cultural entertainment and social activities. Bedrooms and public places are also graded, and most of them are vertically separated. The bedroom is arranged on the first floor, keeping quiet, and there are various public places with a wide view. Tourist boats have shallow draft, great endurance and anti-sway devices, which make sailing as smooth and comfortable as possible.

3. Passenger cars

Automobile passenger ship is a kind of coastal passenger ship developed in the early 1960s, which mainly transports passengers and their own cars. Its time in Hong Kong is short and its efficiency is high. Nowadays, passenger cars have been basically used in important medium and short-distance regular routes and train ferry routes in developed countries. Most of the buses are under 4000 gross tons, and can carry 700 ~ 1000 passengers, some of which are sleeping cars and some are leisure cars. Passenger-vehicle ratio 10% ~ 20%, speed 16 ~ 18 nautical miles. Shallow draft, wide ship, double oars and single rudder, strengthened fins and lateral thrust device. The main engine is a medium-speed diesel engine, and the engine room entrance and exit are arranged on the side, which is convenient for the front and rear connection of the vehicle deck (first or second floor) under the upper deck. Cars usually go through the movable bridge at the dock and open the door from beginning to end to get on and off. In recent years, due to the developed tourism industry, large high-speed passenger cars with a gross tonnage of more than 10,000 tons, a passenger car ratio of 33% and a speed of more than 20 nautical miles per hour have appeared on European international routes. This kind of ship makes further use of space, becomes more square in appearance and more luxurious in equipment.

4. Ro-Ro passenger ships and cargo ships

Ro-ro passenger and cargo ship is a new type of efficient passenger and cargo ship developed on the basis of container transportation and large passenger cars in the early 1970 s, which is mostly used in coastal medium-distance regular routes. The ship type is similar to a passenger car, and sometimes an inclined springboard is added on the deck of the vehicle, which can shorten the ship's time in port and speed up the ship's turnover through efficient ro-ro technology. In the Baltic Sea, this kind of ship mainly carries passengers, cars and wheeled ro-ro goods.

5. River passenger ships

Traditional passenger ships sail on rivers and lakes. With large passenger traffic and frequent stops, a small amount of groceries and mail are loaded and unloaded at the floating dock through the gangway. The main structure is thin. If the speed of the flight segment is less than 3 meters per second, a double bottom is not needed. Generally, there are two decks, and the freeboard is low. Because the legs are convenient for strain, the safety requirements are lower than those of seagoing ships. The superstructure extends to the bow and stern and protrudes outward to increase the passenger area. Most of them are double oars, double rudders or three rudders. At present, the speed of large ships in shallow rivers and lakes is generally 12 ~ 16 knots. The inland passenger ships on the Yangtze River trunk line in China are mainly of the "Dongfanghong" type, with a captain of 1 13m, a gross tonnage of 5,050 tons, a capacity of 1250 passengers and an average speed of about 25 nautical miles per hour.

Small high-speed passenger ship, which appeared in the 1960s, is a short-distance passenger ship, with high speed, mostly sailing between seawalls and islands. The hull and main engine are smaller and lighter. The speed increased from the early hour 18 nautical miles to about 27 nautical miles later. Hydrofoil and hovercraft also belong to small high-speed passenger ships, which can sail in rivers, lakes and seas and straits. 1980 a small waterplane catamaran passenger ship was built in Japan. The cabin deck was supported on two underwater floating bodies with small cross-section columns, which made the hull above the sea surface, reduced the disturbance of waves to the hull, improved the seaworthiness and increased the speed.

2. What is the average speed of passenger ships?

The maximum speed of modern super container ships can reach 30 knots/hour =55 kilometers/hour;

The speed of conventional freighters is between 15-20 knots = between 28 km and 37 km/h;

The maximum speed of the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier in the United States can reach 35-40 knots =65 km -74 km/h;

The speed of biplane jet boat can reach about 60 knots =111km/h.

At present, the commonly used unit of measurement for expressing ship speed in the world is knots.

1 section = 1 section, 1 section =1.852km, and a section is also1.852km/h.