What effect does lofting have on decoration engineering?

1 The survey and setting-out should be comprehensive and unified, which is the first condition of the hardcover project.

When the building enters the hardcover stage, the original hardcover materials, such as building elevation and axis, are handed over from the civil engineering unit. The hardcover unit must review the records, combine the hardcover drawings and the completed projects on site, expose all the problems on site through measurement, and convene the project technical leaders, construction lofting personnel and deepening designers of all participating units to have a meeting, discuss them point by point and decide the solution. Re-draw the floor building ground to complete the elevation line and axis, and make a long-term mark. After the original data of each floor are handed over, rechecked and digested, the owner's engineering department must convene a meeting of technical directors of all participating units in the building to discuss and determine the floor building elevation step by step and systematically. Ensure the uniform elevation control line of each contractor, and avoid the deviation of phase handover working face caused by measuring and setting-out of multiple units during construction.

2 Survey and lofting is the basis of electromechanical and decorative deepening design.

After determining the ground elevation of each floor, the electromechanical unit and the hardcover unit must make a comprehensive plane layout of the pipeline in the ceiling, comprehensively consider the structure, ceiling modeling, equipment, pipeline and equipment size, direction and specification requirements, and draw up the installation elevation of the supervisor before drawing up the hardcover ceiling elevation. The elevation lines of pipelines and suspended ceilings shall be determined by the elastic lines accurately released by mechanical and electrical units and hardcover units after review and confirmation by design units, owner units, supervision units and construction units. Then, the comprehensive deepening design drawings of various disciplines are developed, and the drawings of various disciplines must be collected on the same drawing, including pipeline layout, comprehensive ceiling diagram and comprehensive side wall diagram. At this stage, the consideration should be comprehensive, the problem should be solved thoroughly, the speed should be fast, and the scheme should be operable. These schemes should be based on field survey and lofting.

Measuring and setting out is an important guarantee for fine decoration engineering.

In the past, fine decoration construction units rarely used precision instruments to measure the setting-out. Construction workers mechanically use all kinds of control lines of civil construction units, and rely on their own construction experience to measure and set out by some soil methods, which leads to generally low accuracy and thus affects quality standards. No rules, no Fiona Fang. The decorative surfaces of walls, roofs and floors in building space all have different requirements for material demarcation, space and material size, angle, modeling and matching accuracy with building equipment. Whether the construction is carried out according to the rules and lines directly affects the visual quality of survival. Only by carefully positioning and setting out in advance can the survival law be guaranteed. Pay-off must rely on precise instruments and scientific measuring and paying-off methods. In general, the accuracy of measuring unreeling is allowed to be 1/2 ~ 1/3 of the construction error. The specific requirements are as follows:

(1) The verticality accuracy in the verticality control room should be higher than 1/3000, and should be less than 2㎜ in the whole height range. According to this requirement, J2 theodolite produced by Guang Bei and instruments with high precision can be selected. (2) The height difference between the two ends of the horizontal control line is less than 65438 0 ㎜ every 3m, and the allowable error of the same horizontal level is 2 ㎜ (According to this requirement here, s 2 level produced by Guang Bei and instruments with high precision can be selected. During large-area ground construction, it is necessary to track, measure and check the whole process to ensure the flatness. (3) Pay-off work generally includes the following contents: ① Floor: the cross center line of the room; Ground completion ground control line; Wall finish control line; Interface lines of various materials on the ground; Ceiling modeling ground projection line; Projection size of ground projection point and inspection port at the end of ceiling equipment; Furniture position line ② wall surface: the center line of each wall surface; The adjacent wall of the internal corner completes the surface control line; Modeling and interface lines of various wall materials; Terminal points and box wires of switches, sockets and other equipment; Fixed furniture wall line ③ Ceiling: the position line of ceiling suspender; Ceiling equipment point lofting 1, control line lofting example 2, wall lofting example 3, ground lofting example.

Accurate survey and lofting is the premise of realizing the industrialization of fine decoration engineering.

Building materials are updated rapidly, new materials are constantly emerging, and the degree of industrialization is increasing day by day. There are more and more industrialization and standardization of decoration materials, such as aluminum wallboard, aluminum ceiling, finished wood veneer hanging board, doors and door covers, fixed furniture, stone plates and door covers, stone countertops, stone columns, lines, soft and hard bags, and various glasses. According to the actual data of hardcover site, combined with computer-aided deepening design and typesetting, it is processed and shaped in the processing plant. In the fields, it is not allowed or necessary to cut again, and some of them are impossible to cut again. Therefore, it is necessary to provide accurate and detailed details of the net size measurement of decorative surfaces on site in order to provide accurate sizes for processing plants. In addition, the fabrication and installation of the skeleton base for installing these components are also very demanding, and it is necessary to provide accurate positions for equipment installation, so that the electromechanical terminal devices, equipment, soft-mounted and hardcover finishes can be connected accurately, orderly and beautifully.

In order to achieve the perfect unity of electromechanical and hardcover, only through comprehensive measurement and lofting can we mark the exact installation position for equipment installation and avoid some unnecessary wrangling and rework. The hardcover construction unit, as the leader of this stage, should give full play to the high standards and requirements of hardcover, be responsible for the whole process of survey and lofting, spend more time in survey and lofting, deepen drawings and recheck the position of sample plates, find more problems, put forward and prepare treatment methods as early as possible, specify unified standards, plan the interfaces of all floors, avoid all kinds of contradictions, remove all kinds of obstacles, and lay the foundation for the orderly, smooth and smooth completion of the site with good quality and quantity.

5 Surveying and setting out runs through the' lifeline' of the whole fine decoration project.

At present, the overall situation of hardcover market: (1) The labor price continues to rise, resulting in high construction cost. During the whole construction period, if rework, slowdown, work stoppage, etc. occur again, the construction management cost and labor cost will rise, making the business control of the construction unit even worse. In severe cases, it will fall into a vicious circle of endless wrangling. It affected the timely delivery of the work. ⑵ The working face of site construction is limited, and some projects have poor ventilation conditions, such as all-glass windowless curtain wall, so the construction progress of electromechanical construction units can't follow the hardcover rhythm, which leads to great pressure to catch up with the work in the later stage of hardcover. (3) During on-site construction, hardcover construction units often do the wall foundation first, and then process the list of wall materials and the list of ground materials, which usually affects the flow construction and delays the construction period because the materials are not present in time.

(4) Hardcover external processing materials have a long cycle, which is mainly divided into sample setting cycle, negotiation cycle, processing cycle, transportation cycle, installation cycle and post-repair protection cycle. Often, hardcover units do not have strong consciousness and pay enough attention to it, which leads to size deviation, missing orders and wrong orders, or unequal grass-roots units. Cause rework and economic losses. How to solve the bottleneck of hardcover construction units? In my opinion, only by strengthening accurate data collection, deepening design, accurate lofting, industrial production and assembly and installation can the tactics of combining "big corps" with "embroidered mother" be realized. Specific solutions: ① industrial production and assembly and installation have solved the problem of manual production, improved the effect, saved labor, realized synchronous production and construction in the same place, and won time and benefits; (2) the site construction environment is poor, the operator can't keep the state for a long time, so the finishing process should be completed in the processing plant as far as possible.

The site is limited, and many mechanical and electrical personnel work together, so the site efficiency is low and the cost of protection and maintenance is high. If precise lofting is adopted to define points, lines and surfaces, field workers can make grass-roots units as soon as possible to promote the electromechanical concealment acceptance of walls and ceilings as soon as possible. Create conditions for later surface construction and win time. (3) After precise lofting, according to the deepening design and processing typesetting diagram, the base course and surface course shall be processed synchronously, so as to ensure that after the base course, surface course materials and ground course materials are processed to the site, all areas shall not wait for materials and be in a shutdown state, so as to ensure smooth flow construction in all aspects and the building can be completed on schedule. (4) The material precision of external processing and the matching degree of the base depend on the process of collecting, processing and refining the original data, which is expressed and executed through accurate lofting. Hardcover construction units must improve their quality and strength in this respect in order to win benefits and enhance their competitiveness.

6 conclusion

This paper analyzes the effect of precise lofting on the fine decoration project, and discusses how to complete the fine decoration better and faster to win the final victory of the project in combination with the actual and other people's achievements. In order to win at the starting line first, measuring and setting out is extremely important as a pioneer process of fine decoration. Through the above discussion and analysis, the importance of accurate lofting is summarized as follows: (1) The survey and lofting should be comprehensive and unified, which is the primary condition of hardcover engineering; (2) Surveying and setting out is the basis of electromechanical and decorative design; (3) Surveying and setting out is the "lifeline" of fine decoration project. To sum up, accurate lofting means punching holes on both sides of the runway with 100 meters. Put the sample, set the line, plan the interface and direction. The rest just run forward step by step.

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