Test questions and answers of children's nursing education knowledge and ability (4)

Reference answers and analysis of children's nursing education knowledge and ability simulation questions

I. Multiple choice questions

1, analysis of genetic factors Genetic factors are the initial material premise for children's physical and mental development, and it is on the material basis that children's psychology begins to form and develop. So choose a.

2.C-analysis research found that the first color that babies see is blue, then red, and it is very late to distinguish white from gray. So choose C.

3, B Analysis of children aged 4-5, imagination has always been intentional and purposeful, and there has been intentional imagination, and the content of imagination is also very rich, but it is still difficult to consider whether the image conforms to objective laws. So choose B.

4. The emergence of analytical independence is an obvious manifestation of the psychological phenomenon of self-awareness. Self-awareness system includes three structures: self-awareness, self-experience and self-monitoring. Self-awareness is the embodiment of people's psychological initiative, which has a regulating effect on the formation and development of personality. Self-awareness refers to the individual's understanding of all his physical and mental conditions and the relationship with people or things around him. It mainly includes the cognition of one's own physical characteristics (such as gender, appearance and health status). ), psychological characteristics (such as emotional characteristics, hobbies, personality characteristics, etc. ) and a person's interpersonal relationship. So choose B.

5.d analysis observation method can be divided into descriptive observation method and sampling observation method. Descriptive observation method includes live recording, diary description and anecdote recording. Sampling observation methods include time sampling and event sampling. So choose D.

6, C analysis A person's behavior will have very similar performance at different times, places and occasions, which is the stability of personality. Personality refers to a stable psychological characteristic system with social significance formed by individuals in material activities and communication activities. An individual's accidental behavior can't represent his true personality, only the relatively stable psychological tendency and psychological characteristics that are often shown in his behavior can represent a person's personality. Personality is relatively stable, but it is not static. When a person's living environment or living conditions change greatly, his personality may also change to a certain extent. Therefore, personality is the unity of stability and variability. So choose C.

7.b's analysis of the concept of time is abstract, with certain continuity and sequence. It is also difficult for children to master the concept of time, and their cognitive level of the concept of time sequence is also quite different. Research shows that preschool children's understanding of the time extension of a day is lower than that of the time series in a day. So choose B.

8. B. There are two forms to analyze children's monologues: one is game speech, which is characterized by completeness, detail, emotion and expressiveness; The second is question language, which is characterized by conciseness and fragmentation, and often appears when encountering difficulties, or expresses confusion, doubt and surprise. So choose B.

9. Persistence in the process of analyzing actions refers to long-term conscious continuous actions in accordance with established purposes. Research shows that the age of persistence is about 4 ~ 5 years old, which is also the age with the greatest fluctuation due to external influence. So choose a.

10, a Analysis Early childhood is the period when the sense of reason begins to develop. In order to meet the needs of cognition, children are curious. Sabotage? The performance of. At this time, it is very important for adults to provide appropriate guidance to meet children's curiosity and cognitive needs. So choose a.

1 1, c Analysis of nail biting, also known as nail biting or nail biting, refers to repeated nail biting. Nail biting is a common bad habit in childhood, which is more common in children aged 3 ~ 6, and can occur in both men and women. Most children's nail biting behavior can disappear with age, and a few stubborn people can continue into adulthood. Nail biting is often due to improper feeding in infancy, unable to satisfy children's desire to suck, and lack of environmental stimulation and caress, which leads children to suck their fingers to suppress hunger or entertain themselves. So choose C.

12, a analysis in kindergartens in China, kindergarten classes are the basic units of kindergarten education protection activities. In the practice of preschool education in China, kindergarten classes have formed a basic division. Mainly according to the age of children, they are divided into three grades: large, medium and small, among which small class children are 3-4 years old, middle class children are 4-5 years old and large class children are 5-6 years old. In addition, due to population distribution and other factors, some areas adopt preschool education in the form of mixed-age classes. So choose a.

13, b analytic activity method refers to a method for parents of young children to participate in nursery education activities and management. According to the purpose of parents' participation in activities, activities can be divided into four types: observation, celebration, service and management. So choose B.

14, c Analyze the guidance of children's propositional art activities, teachers' necessary demonstrations, and the basic methods of teaching children's performance objects ① Allow children not to do exactly according to the examples and teachers' demonstration requirements, which is mainly reflected in the differences in the shape, size, quantity and position of children's performance objects, and it also shows that children can carry out related art creation activities in addition to fulfilling teachers' requirements. (2) Teachers can demonstrate various trends of objects by making activity teaching AIDS, so as to improve the efficiency of unit art teaching time. (3) Teachers' demonstrations should be timely, not necessarily before each new activity, but mainly to help children solve the key and difficult problems in artistic performances, and at the same time leave suitable space for children to express and create. (4) Teachers' demonstration should be organically combined with language, and explanations should be given at the same time to make the demonstration more clear. So choose C.

15, c the purpose of analyzing kindergarten education evaluation is to obtain the basis for improving management and ensuring education quality, promote education reform and improve the quality of ensuring education. So choose C.

16, c British Locke according to bacon's analysis? Empiricism? Put forward? Since the board said? He believes that life is like a whiteboard, and both reason and knowledge come from experience. So choose C.

17, d analysis this question is an examination of the current game theory related content. Ellis is a representative figure of incentive regulation theory. From the perspective of the function of the game, he thinks that it is the normal need of human beings to interact with the environment and continue information processing activities. So choose D.

18, c Analysis The creation of kindergarten environment mainly refers to the requirements of kindergarten education and the health of children. The laws and needs of mental development, fully tap and make use of the educational factors in children's living environment, create a scene of positive interaction between children and the environment, transform environmental factors into educational factors, and promote the process of children's positive physical and mental development, including material conditions and spiritual environment. So choose C.

19, c analysis of catering activities is of great significance to ensure the healthy growth of children. Article 13 of the Regulations on Kindergarten Work stipulates that kindergartens should formulate a reasonable daily routine system for young children. The interval between meals shall not be less than three and a half hours. So choose C.

20, D analysis of children's joint ligament relaxation, if the force is too strong, it may lead to joint surface separation from the original position, local pain, limited activity. Deal with the dislocation of the child, try to keep it as it is, and send it to the hospital quickly. Don't help your child reset the joints rashly, so as not to cause unnecessary harm. So choose D.

Second, short answer questions

2 1, refer to the answer

Nurseries and kindergartens:

(1) Guide and support family education. ① Enhance parents' educational awareness; (2) Help parents to establish a correct educational concept; ③ Help parents to create a good family education environment; ④ Instruct parents to use scientific educational methods.

(2) Guide parents of young children to participate in educational activities in nurseries and kindergartens. (1) Guide parents to understand and support child care institutions; ② Let parents participate in educational decision-making; (3) Encourage parents of young children to volunteer; (4) Let parents supervise and evaluate the work of child care institutions.

Parents:

(1) Actively cooperate with the home visits, surveys and other activities of the nurses, and pay attention to timely reflecting the behaviors of the children in the family to the kindergarten teachers, so that the nurses can deeply understand all aspects of the children, so as to carry out targeted work.

(2) Understand the educational requirements and contents of child care institutions in time, pay attention to the corresponding education for children at home according to the requirements of nursing staff, and consolidate the knowledge, skills, good habits and quality acquired by children in child care institutions.

(3) Care about the work of child care institutions, actively participate in the educational activities of child care institutions, actively offer suggestions or provide human, financial and material support and help, and strive to create an excellent educational environment for the healthy development of children.

22. Reference answer

(1) Teachers can clearly introduce the name, play, rules and results of the game to children with concise and vivid language and appropriate demonstrations. For games with practice, children should be taught necessary skills in advance. You can teach in groups, in the whole class, and sometimes alone.

(2) Teachers should pay attention to observation when children play rule games independently, so as to help children obey the rules.

(3) Encourage children to actively participate in games and stimulate their interest in games.

(4) In the teaching process, put forward different requirements according to the individual differences of children, so that every child can be improved to the greatest extent.

23. Reference answer

The process of human beings from birth to maturity does not always follow a pattern, nor does it always develop in a straight line at the same speed. The speed, direction and degree of development are diversified. On the whole, the overall development is progressing in waves. There is a first accelerated development period in early childhood, followed by childhood development, then the second accelerated development period in adolescence, and then the stable development period. In old age, there is a downward trend in all aspects. In terms of different aspects of development, the development of different functional characteristics in different organizational systems and individuals is also different. The development of nervous system and reproductive system is a good example.

24. Reference answer

The principle of kindergarten class management is a universal code of conduct that must be followed in necessary class management. It is of great guiding significance to the overall management of the class.

(1) the principle of subjectivity. The principle of subjectivity should not only give full play to the autonomy, creativity and initiative of teachers as the main body of class management, but also fully respect the main position of children as learners.

(2) the principle of integrity. The principle of wholeness means that class management should face all children and involve all management elements in the class. This principle ensures the common progress of all children in the class rather than the extraordinary development of one child, and also ensures the full use of various management elements in the class.

(3) The principle of participation. The principle of participation means that teachers are not superior to managers in the management process, but participate in children's activities in various forms, treat children democratically and equally in activities, and become? A leader in equality? .

(4) the principle of high efficiency. The principle of high efficiency means that teachers need to use the least manpower, material resources and time when managing classes, so that children can get more, more comprehensive and better development as much as possible, and the classes can show a positive outlook.

25. Reference answer

The hierarchical relationship of kindergarten education objectives is as follows:

(1) The goal of kindergarten education is a programmatic goal to guide kindergartens to carry out education, which has universal guiding significance.

(2) Medium-term goals, that is, the educational goals of kindergarten classes of all ages such as primary schools, middle schools and universities. In other words, under the guidance of the general goal of kindergarten education, different requirements are put forward for children of different ages.

(3) Short-term goals, also known as short-term goals, refer to the educational goals to be achieved at a certain stage, and the formulation of short-term goals serves the ultimate goal. Short-term goals are generally formulated by teachers in their daily educational activities, which are often reflected in monthly plans and weekly plans.

(4) Activity goal, that is, the goal that an educational activity needs to achieve. In a class or an activity, the teacher may put forward these goals, and the goals at this level are usually reflected in the teacher's activity plan or teaching plan. In kindergarten education, the general goal of education can only be implemented to children through the above four levels of goals. The smaller and more specific the goal, the easier it is to achieve. The above four levels of goals constitute the general goal of kindergarten education from abstract to concrete. Through the transformation of the above levels, the macro-educational goal can truly become an operational activity goal, thus promoting the individual development of young children and finally achieving the educational goal.

26. Reference answer

Education plays a unique role in children's physical and mental development. Because preschool education is also an environment, but it is a special environment. Mainly reflected in the following aspects:

(1) There are full-time teachers in preschool education.

(2) Preschool education has clear goals. It is different from the spontaneous influence of the environment.

(3) Preschool education is the simplest and most systematic way to influence children. The efficiency of preschool education is much higher than that of social education and family education. Therefore, through education, children's excellent genetic quality can be fully demonstrated. Even if some possibility provided by heredity becomes a reality, poor genetic quality can be influenced and transformed. Education can also choose the environment, play and use the favorable factors in the environment, reduce or eliminate the unfavorable factors, and thus promote the normal development of children.

Third, the essay questions

27. Reference answer

The development of children's action and will behavior is influenced by many factors. In different periods of children's growth, various factors play different roles in the development of children's actions and will actions. The specific influencing factors include the following aspects:

(1) Genetic factors. Children's physical development is based on genetic quality, which plays a very important role in children's movement development and is the basis of children's physical development. The development of movements is closely related to the development of the whole body. In physical development, genetic factors account for a considerable proportion. ② The development of athletic ability is also genetically determined to some extent. ③ Body shape is related to heredity to a certain extent, which affects the development of movement and athletic ability. ④ The characteristics or defects of individual parts of the body brought by heredity also affect the development of corresponding movements.

(2) maturity factors. Obviously, the development of children's movements is influenced by physiological maturity, and the development of children's movements has a critical period and a sensitive period. If we seize the opportunity to promote the development of children when they are most likely to master certain movements, we can achieve twice the result with half the effort. Generally speaking, 0 ~ 6 years old is the key period of children's movement development, and both initial movements and basic movements are learned during this period, which is related to mature factors. Therefore, we should attach great importance to the guidance of infant movement development.

(3) Education and practice. Maturity only provides a physiological possibility for the formation of children's actions and will actions. Education and practice play a very important role in a mature time range. For infants and young children, when learning various movements, there are great differences between practicing and not practicing, and the development of movements. Many people's sports ability is in the primary stage all their lives and has not developed to the mature stage. One of the reasons is the lack of practical opportunities.

(4) Self-motivation. Children's own enthusiasm is the main force to promote the development of their movements, especially the development of will movements. 1 interest. When children have strong interest, their persistence behavior is significantly higher than that of activities with weak interest. 2 encourage and increase confidence. The attitude of adults is very important to the development of children's action and will action. Children need to act spontaneously, try various actions, and gain a sense of accomplishment in trying to explore. Increasing self-confidence is a powerful internal force for children to develop various movements. Affirmation and encouragement can enhance children's self-confidence. ③ Children's own attitude. Young children's attitude towards action affects his will to act; Children's understanding of movements also helps to improve their level; Understanding self-control methods and other methods of will action will also help to improve the level of will action; Peer comparison interferes or promotes children's will and actions.

28. Reference answer

The development of children's sentence patterns has the following characteristics:

(1) From incomplete sentences to complete sentences. At first, the child's sentence structure was incomplete. Children's incomplete sentences include word sentences and telegraph sentences. Words and expressions refer to sentences expressed by a single word, which generally appear from 1 to 1 year. Words and expressions have the following characteristics: first, the words used are not associated with an object alone, but with a situation; Second, the meaning of words and sentences is not clear enough, and the pronunciation is often not clear enough to fully express their meaning. Therefore, expressions and actions must be supplemented; Thirdly, because the meanings of words and sentences are not clear enough, adults must infer their meanings according to the children's speech besides their expressions and actions. Therefore, generally only people close to children can understand. Telegraph sentence, also known as complex sentence, is an incomplete sentence composed of 2 ~ 3 words. Generally, it appears in 1 half to 2 years old, and its meaning is more clear than words and sentences, because it has the prototype of sentences. The main characteristics of telegraph sentences are intermittent and concise sentences, incomplete structure and frequent lack of sentence elements. They mainly use real words such as nouns, verbs and adjectives, while omitting function words such as conjunctions, prepositions, demonstratives and auxiliary words, which are similar to the language used by people to send electricity and time. ② After the child is 2 years old, relatively complete sentences gradually appear. The number and proportion of complete sentences increase with age. By the age of 6, more than 98% of children can use complete sentences.

(2) From simple sentences to complex sentences. Simple sentences refer to simple sentences with complete syntactic structure. A complex sentence refers to a sentence consisting of two or more simple sentences with closely related meanings. The characteristics of children's complex sentences are: the number is small and the proportion is not large; Loose structure, lack of conjunctions, just a combination of simple sentences; Joint complex sentences appeared earlier; The proportion of coordinate complex sentences is large.

(3) From non-modified sentences to modified sentences. The child's initial sentence has no modifiers. Children aged 2-3 sometimes appear in the form of some modifiers, and children aged 3-3 and a half are the fastest growing age for compound modifiers. 3-year-old children use action adverbials more, 4-year-old children also use some locative adverbials, and 5-year-old and 6-year-old children have a certain amount of time adverbials besides action adverbials and locative adverbials.

(4) From declarative sentences to non-declarative sentences. Children first master declarative sentences. In the whole preschool stage, simple declarative sentences are still the basic sentence patterns. In addition to declarative sentences, sentence patterns commonly used by children include interrogative sentences, imperative sentences and exclamatory sentences.

Fourth, the material analysis problem

29. Reference answer

The story of taking shoes makes people re-examine the problems of teaching and learning. Teacher Sun's close attention to children, prompt, patient expectation and enthusiastic encouragement to teachers? Teaching? It gives new content and meaning. Constructivism holds that meaningful learning occurs in real learning tasks, that is, learning is that learners construct knowledge by solving problems themselves in certain situations. The process of selecting shoes from fruits gives us the enlightenment that children are the active constructors of knowledge and the main body of learning activities. One-day activities in kindergarten are an important part of children's daily life, including daily activities, game activities and teaching activities. These contents constitute a complete whole education, which not only meets children's basic physiological needs, but also provides various kinds of education to guide their development. For example, create a suitable environment, create various opportunities, organize different activities and so on. During the day's activities, children are subtly guided to master basic life experience, exercise their ability to live independently, develop their moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic qualities and promote their all-round development. Therefore, as a kindergarten teacher, we should improve our sensitivity to all aspects of educational opportunities in children's daily activities and seize the opportunity to educate children in various activities so that children can develop even in repeated daily activities.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) activity design

reference design

Small class safety education activities: I love small hands

Activity objectives:

(1) Know how to care for small hands and don't play with sharp things.

(2) Understand the simple treatment and protection methods after hand laceration.

Activity preparation: Bear toy with injured hand.

Emphasis and difficulty: knowing what is too sharp to play with.

Activity form: group activity.

Activity flow:

(1) Show bear toys and introduce them through stories. Today, the bear accidentally hurt his hand while playing. He was in such pain that he almost cried! ?

Discussion:

What happened to this bear's hand? (bleeding)

② How can a good little hand bleed? (Cut by something)

What will cut your hand? Why? Glass sheet, needle, nail, iron wire, scissors, etc. Because these things are sharp and sharp. )

4 Inspire children to remember: Have your hands been cut? What is the inconvenience of being cut?

(2) Discuss how to keep our little hands from getting hurt. Don't play with scissors, knives, needles, glass pieces, iron pieces and other sharp things. )

Summary: There are many things around us, some are sharp and some are sharp. If you play with these things, you will cut your hand and bring danger and inconvenience to yourself. So children should not play with these things, lest our hands get hurt and affect our activities and life.

(3) Discuss how to protect and deal with the injured hand of the bear (or himself).

If you accidentally cut your hand, can you cover it with unwashed hands? Why? No, because there are bacteria in unwashed hands, which will make the wound infected and suppurated. )

② What should I do if my hand is injured? (If you scratch your skin, clean the wound first, and then apply mercuric chloride or purple syrup; Serious cases need to be handled by doctors. )

③ What should I pay attention to after manual dressing? Don't immerse your injured hand in the water, don't take off your cloth casually, and find a teacher and doctor to change the medicine on time. )

Conclusion: If our little hand has been injured, we should take good care of it, let it recover as soon as possible and serve us.