How to improve the social security system in China?

Expand the coverage of social security and gradually establish a social security system covering all urban and rural workers. Judging from the development of social security system in developed countries, social security initially only covered industrial workers, and then gradually extended to commercial and tertiary workers, civil servants and agricultural workers, self-employed workers and small business owners, and even the spouses of salaried workers. Expanding the scope of social security and gradually covering all workers in urban and rural areas is the long-term goal of social security system construction in China, and it is also an inevitable requirement to realize the fairness of social security system.

Reasonably determine the level of payment, so that the level of social security can adapt to the level of economic development. China is a developing country. According to the reality of China's large population, aging age structure, low per capita GDP and heavy social security burden in the future, and considering the serious shortage of social security resources at the national level, social security is rigid, and social security expenditure will increase sharply in the economic recession. Therefore, when expanding the coverage of social security, the starting point of payment should be relatively low, and the beneficiaries of social security system can only enjoy a low level of social security on the whole. Low security and wide coverage should be the long-term policy choice of China's social security system.

In view of the diversification of national security needs, establish a diversified social security model. In countries with different periods, cultures, economic conditions and systems, social security presents different models. On the basis of learning from foreign advanced experience, China should pay attention to combining its own national strength and national conditions to establish a social security model with China characteristics. The current situation of China's economic and social development determines that the basic security system established by the state can only play a basic role, and solving the basic living problems of citizens when they encounter income risks cannot meet people's diverse needs. In this way, it is very important to choose other protection schemes besides the supplementary insurance or basic protection encouraged by the government. The establishment of diversified social security model can meet the different needs of different individuals and families for social security and help to improve efficiency on the basis of fairness; Second, it is conducive to solving the problems of insufficient protection and possible efficiency loss caused by low security and wide coverage. The diversified social security model consists of multi-functional social assistance system and multi-level social insurance system, including the lowest level social insurance enforced by the state and supplementary insurance decided by payment or purchased voluntarily.

Broaden financing channels and diversify sources of social security funds. In the past, social security funds were mainly raised by the pay-as-you-go system. This model is neither fair nor able to raise enough funds for future needs. With the development of economy and society, the life expectancy is prolonged, and the arrival of an aging society, people's requirements for quality of life and health are further improved. It is required that social security can not only embody the principle of self-reliance, but also raise enough funds for future use. This requires a diversified financing model, that is, a multi-source social security financing model with partial accumulation system as the main body, pay-as-you-go system and complete accumulation system, and personal account system, donation, lottery issuance and voluntary service, which can reduce management costs.

Strengthen social security legislation and form a legal, standardized and efficient social security operation and management system. Acting in accordance with the law is the basic requirement for improving the social security system. Only on the basis of law can the reform, operation and management of social security system develop fairly, efficiently and healthily.

(1) gradually expand the object and scope of social security, and gradually realize that all social workers enjoy the benefits provided by the social security system.

② Broaden the sources of social security funds and gradually improve the degree of socialization of social security funds. We will change the situation of relying solely on state funds to undertake security in the past, and gradually form a pattern of combining national basic insurance, enterprise supplementary insurance and personal savings insurance, so that residents can enjoy social security rights and undertake corresponding social security obligations.

③ Establish and improve a multi-mode and multi-level social security system. China's economic structure is complex, and the level of regional and urban-rural economic development is very different, which determines that China is not suitable for establishing a high-level and single-level security system. Therefore, the multi-mode and multi-level security system is more suitable for China's national conditions.

④ Establish a unified social security management organization and improve the laws, regulations and management methods of social security. To change the current situation of fragmentation and chaotic management in China, a unified social security management institution exercises administrative functions, and a social insurance fund supervision organization composed of relevant government departments and citizen representatives supervises the income and expenditure of social insurance funds.