How to establish a fairer and more sustainable social security system

Firstly, it is emphasized that the social security system should be "fairer", first of all, based on the fact that fairness and justice are the essential features and basic values of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and that it is necessary to take into account both efficiency and fairness in all aspects of the distribution of national income, while social security, as an important means of redistribution, should pay more attention to fairness. When we determined the reform direction of socialist market economy, we paid attention to properly handle the relationship between market efficiency and social equity, and the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the C*** made it clear to "make the market play a decisive role in the allocation of resources", emphasizing the "decisiveness". ", at the same time put forward the social security system to be "more equitable", highlighting the "more", the two constitute a complementary and balanced relationship, not only to let all the sources of creating social wealth to fully flow, but also let the development of the fruits of more and more equitable benefit to the people. At the same time, the fruits of development should benefit all people in a greater and fairer way.

Secondly, the emphasis on a "fairer" social security system is also based on the objective background of China's socio-economic development, which has entered a new stage. 2013, China's GDP reached more than 5.6 trillion yuan, with an average per capita of more than 6,700 U.S. dollars, making it a middle-income country, but the imbalance in development is still the basic feature. basic feature. At this stage, the people's demand for fairness is becoming stronger and stronger. In the area of social security, more and more people have shifted from their initial demand for basic security to a demand for balanced, equal, fair and transparent income relations between urban and rural areas, between regions and between groups. Such demands should be seen as a force for social progress. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China emphasized "greater fairness", calling for the social security system to focus not only on the scale and progress of development, but also on the balance of the internal structure, so as to reflect the distinctive features of the new stage of development.

Thirdly, the emphasis on a "fairer" social security system further clarifies the direction of deepening reform in the social security field. Since the 1990s, the construction of China's social security system has achieved remarkable results: we have made efforts to reform the basic pension insurance system for employees and the basic medical insurance system, rebuilt the socialized industrial injury and maternity insurance system, and started to build an unemployment insurance system; after entering the new century, we have successively established a new type of cooperative medical system for rural areas, a basic medical insurance system for urban residents, a minimum subsistence guarantee system for rural areas, an urban and rural medical aid system, a new type of rural and urban medical aid system, and a new type of rural and urban medical aid system. After the turn of the new century, a new type of rural cooperative medical care system, a basic medical insurance system for urban residents, a rural minimum subsistence guarantee system, an urban and rural medical assistance system, a new type of rural social pension insurance system and a social pension insurance system for urban residents were successively established. All of these major social security systems were universalized throughout the country by 2012 at the latest. By the end of 2013, China's basic old-age pension insurance covered more than 820 million people, basic medical insurance covered more than 1.3 billion people, industrial injury, unemployment and maternity insurance covered 199 million, 164 million and 164 million people respectively, and 540 million nationally standardized social security cards had been issued, initially constructing a social safety net benefiting the entire population, and making a big step forward in promoting a fair share of the fruits of socio-economic development for the entire population. A major step forward has been made in promoting the equitable sharing of the fruits of social and economic development by all people. However, we can also see that there are still many shortcomings in China's social security system, in particular, a considerable portion of rural migrant workers and flexibly employed people are not insured, for example, nearly 200 million eligible people have not yet been included in the scope of coverage of old-age insurance, and the old-age insurance system for institutions and organizations has not yet been comprehensively reformed, and is operating under a "dual-track" system with the old-age insurance system for enterprise employees, with a "double-track" system. The pension insurance system of organs and institutions has not yet been comprehensively reformed, and is "dual-tracked" with the pension insurance system of enterprise employees, and the contradiction of "poor treatment" is relatively prominent; the pension insurance and medical insurance systems for urban and rural residents in many areas are still separate, which is contrary to the principle of fairness, and also results in a waste of resources for the management of the public ****; the convergence of the social security systems is not yet smooth enough, which to a certain degree impedes Reasonable mobility of labor, which in turn affects the efficiency of the market's allocation of human resources. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the People's Republic of China emphasized "more fairness", and the so-called "more" is not only an affirmation of the fairness of the construction of the social security system in the previous period, but also a higher demand for reforms on the basis of the outstanding contradictions.

Fourth, in the coming period, the main task of promoting a fairer social security system is summarized in four aspects. The first is to achieve full coverage, focusing on basic pension insurance and basic medical insurance, and to implement a universal insurance registration program, so as to truly realize that all people have a sense of security in their old age and have access to medical care. The second is to promote the reform of the pension insurance system for institutions and organizations, and to strive to resolve the contradictions of the two-track system and poor treatment that have been highlighted by society. Third, vigorously promoting urban-rural integration; the State Council has decided to merge the implementation of the New Rural Insurance and the Urban Residents' Insurance, and to establish a unified pension insurance system for urban and rural residents, while the integration of basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents also needs to be further promoted. Fourth, to improve the articulation between the various systems, for the market to play a decisive role in the allocation of resources to clear systemic obstacles.

On the subject of "sustainable", I would like to talk about three ideas.

First, we should take a hundred years to examine and arrange the construction of social security system. China's social security system was built in the 1950s, counting more than 60 years of history, since the 1990s, major changes and restructuring; the next few decades, involving the construction of the social security system of the major external environment, I think there are three main: First, we must strive to achieve the "two hundred years" goal, so that the Chinese people live a happier life. First, to strive to achieve the goal of "two hundred years", so that the Chinese people can lead a happier life and realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation; second, to face the major opportunity and serious challenge of the aging of the population entering its peak; third, to be prepared to cope with the impacts of all kinds of economic fluctuations as the country's economy integrates more broadly and y into globalization. This is something that we have already felt y during the Asian financial crisis of the 1990s and the international financial crisis of recent years. Therefore, it is necessary to think far ahead. Looking back at the history of international social security over the past 130 years, the most important lesson to be learned is that the level of protection should be gradually raised in tandem with economic development, while the drawbacks of rigidity in benefits should be prevented. Some countries have built up their social security systems for decades, but they have collapsed several times in the midst of the international financial crisis, and this is a lesson to be learned. The so-called 100-year perspective means that the development direction of the social security system should not be distorted because of temporary needs or to meet the demands of some groups.

Secondly, the basic social security system should be finalized. After more than 60 years of construction, especially after the reform of the last decade, our country has initially built up a social security system structure and basic institutional arrangements suitable for the characteristics of the national situation and in line with the socialist market economic system, which has experienced many twists and turns and paid a high price, but has been practically tested to be effective, and the general public continue to benefit from it, which is a situation to be treasured. On the basis of the existing foundation, we should strive to realize the general finalization and continuous improvement of the basic system. Maintain stability, in order to sustain development; not to toss and turn, in order to continue for a long time; if you always change the way, change the model, the time delayed, the idea of confusion, and repeatedly "pay tuition fees", we can not talk about the system's sustained development, which, the international community has also provided a lot of positive experience and negative lessons.

Thirdly, improve the institutional mechanism for sustainable development. The system is basically finalized is not a refusal to change, the current need to deepen the reform to improve the establishment and consolidation of institutional mechanisms to support the sustainable development of the social security system, mainly in five areas: First, enhance the incentives of the system. In particular, for programs with individual contributions, such as old-age pension and medical care, it is necessary to strengthen the policy orientation of paying more and getting more, and to avoid the tendency to rely solely on government inputs for protection. The second is to raise the level of co-ordination. The goal of basic old-age insurance is to implement national coordination of funds, and other social insurance programs should also actively promote provincial-level coordination, breaking down the barrier of geographic division institutionally, and enhancing the function and efficiency of social security fund transfers. Third, broaden funding channels. Adhere to the state, employers, individual contributions: the government to further increase the financial investment in social security; units to fulfill the obligation to participate in the insurance premiums in accordance with the law, but also need to appropriately reduce the enterprise rate at the right time, to maintain its development vitality; individual contribution rate in general is already not low, the main thing is that it should be increased in the proportion of the actual contribution, to reduce the phenomenon of interruption of the payment of contributions. It is also necessary to actively open up new financing channels, such as the transfer of State-owned assets to social security funds. At the same time, the current social security balance fund has amounted to several trillion to explore the path of market-oriented investment and operation, and strive to realize the preservation and appreciation of the value of the funds, which is not only to slow down the pressure of payment of funds in the future, to achieve the sustainable development of the system requirements, but also to promote the construction of the economy is also an important measure. Fourth, rationalizing the dependency ratio. In response to the challenges of the peak of population aging, and taking into account the trend of China's demographic structure and the supply and demand of human resources, we will strengthen actuarial calculations, plan ahead, make advance arrangements, and implement the policy of gradually delaying the retirement age in due course, so as to not only maintain the long-term balance of social security funds, but also enable China's human resources to be developed and utilized more fully. Fifth, develop multi-level social security. Vigorously develop enterprise annuities, occupational annuities, supplementary medical insurance and commercial life and health insurance to provide the public with institutional arrangements that can meet multi-level and diversified needs, and change the pattern of over-reliance on the government's basic protection.