The appearance, introduction, and history of Zhang Fei Temple.

Zhang Fei Temple was first built in the late Shu Han Dynasty and has been repaired and expanded for generations. It has a history of more than 1,700 years. The original site is located at the foot of Feifeng Mountain. The temple preserves a large number of precious calligraphy and painting inscriptions and more than 200 rare cultural relics. It is known as "the scenic spot of Bashu and the resort of cultural and algae". Zhangfei Temple has been rated as a national key cultural relic protection unit and a national scenic spot in China. It is one of the important attractions on the golden tourism route of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River.

Zhangfei Temple, also known as Zhanghuanhou Temple, is located at the foot of Feifeng Mountain on the south bank of the Yangtze River, 382 kilometers away from Chongqing City[1] District

and across the river from Yunyang County[2] It was built to commemorate Zhang Fei, a famous general of the Shu Han Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period. It was first built at the end of the Shu Han Dynasty and has been repaired and expanded for generations. It has a history of more than 1,700 years. According to legend, the brave and upright Zhang Fei was eager to avenge his sworn brother Guan Yu. He was killed by his generals Zhang Da and Fan Jiang, and his head was thrown into the river. A fisherman came to Zhang Fei's dream at night and went to the river to salvage Zhang Fei's head. He unexpectedly found a pot of gold, so he used the gold to build Zhang Fei's temple. According to historical records, Zhang Fei Temple was first built in the late Shu Han Dynasty and later expanded through the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. It has a history of more than 1,700 years.

On the stone wall facing the river in front of the temple, there are four large characters "Feng Qing on the River" written in powerful and elegant fonts. There is a statue of Zhang Fei in the temple, as well as a large collection of poems, inscriptions, calligraphy, paintings and hundreds of other cultural relics since the Han and Tang Dynasties, most of which are rare treasures. It is known as the "three wonders" (peerless articles, peerless calligraphy, and peerless engravings), and is known as the "resort of literary and algae" and "the most beautiful place in Bayu". After the Three Gorges Dam is completed, this temple will be submerged. By then, a new Zhang Fei Temple will be built on the south bank imitating the original temple architecture.

Historical legends

It is said that after Zhang Fei was assassinated by his general Fan Jiang and Zhang Da in Langzhong, the two took his head and fled to Soochow. When they traveled to Yunyang, they heard that Wu When Shu made peace, his head was thrown into the river and was fished ashore by a fisherman while he was fishing. He was buried at the foot of Feifeng Mountain. People built a temple here to commemorate Zhang Fei, so there is a saying that Zhang Fei's "head is in Yunyang and his body is in Langzhong". explain. Zhang Fei was admired by the people for his great righteousness and bravery. Over the years, people from all over the country came to hold sacrifices and folk custom activities on his birthday on the 28th day of the eighth lunar month, which had a certain scale and influence.

Architectural Features

Zhang Fei Temple[3] makes full use of the topography and landforms. It is located on a mountain and facing the river, and the landscape gardens and temple buildings are integrated into one.

, set off each other. Outside the temple, there are beautiful and quiet scenes such as Huangjue stairs, stone bridges, streams, waterfalls, ponds, vines, thatched pavilions near the stream, and steep rocks and ancient trees. The ancient buildings in the temple, such as Jieyi Building, Book Gallery, Main Hall, Zhufeng Pavilion, Wangyun Pavilion, Dujuan Pavilion, and Tingtao Pavilion, are rigorously laid out, layered and unique. The elegant texture of southern architecture is enhanced by garden touches, bamboo shades, and winding paths. Therefore, Zhangfei Temple is known as the "Best Land of Bashu".

Zhang Fei Temple faces the mountains behind the river and takes advantage of the mountains. It is composed of a group of ancient buildings with unique ingenuity and majestic momentum. The main buildings include the main hall, side halls, Jieyi Tower, Wangyun Pavilion, Zhufeng Pavilion, Dujuan Pavilion and Deyue Pavilion. The first five buildings were built to commemorate the Zhang Fei Temple, and the last two buildings were built to commemorate the Tang Dynasty poet Du Fu who lived here for two years. It is a rare combination of civil and military temples.

Zhang Fei Temple also collects more than 600 stone carvings, wood carvings, calligraphy and paintings since the Han and Tang Dynasties, and more than 1,000 other cultural relics since the Neolithic period. Especially calligraphy and painting inscriptions, there are many famous masters and schools, each leading the way, many of which are rare at home and abroad, and have high historical, artistic and scientific research value, such as the Han Dynasty "Zhang Biao Stele", Liang "Tianlin Stele", Huang Tingjian He wrote "Ode to Youlan", Su Shi's "Ode to the Red Cliffs Before and After", Yue Fei wrote "Ode to the Master Before and After", etc. Therefore, there has long been a saying that "the gold and stone of Zhang Temple are the best in the east of Shu". Therefore, Zhangfei Temple is also known as "a cultural and algae resort". Due to the high value of Zhangfei Temple's natural and cultural landscapes, it was designated as a key cultural relic protection unit in Sichuan Province in 1980. It is now the only key scenic spot in Chongqing within the Three Gorges Reservoir area that has been completely flooded and relocated. In recent years, it has attracted more attention from the world. Central leaders, experts and scholars, and Chinese and foreign tourists have all come here to inspect it, and it has become a major tourist hotspot along the Yangtze River. Du Fu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, wrote the poem "There is a cuckoo in Yun'an" when he lived in Yunyang. The cuckoo bird has always been a symbol of love and righteousness. The people of Yunyang value love and righteousness even more. Guests from far away are invited to come to Yunyang. Zhangfei Temple is opening its warm arms to you. Ticket price for Zhangfei Temple in Yunyang, Chongqing: 20.00 yuan/person

Local climate

Yunyang is located in the southeastern central subtropical humid climate zone north of the Tropic of Cancer, and in the mid-subtropical humid zone of the Sichuan Basin ,

Zhang Fei Temple

Early spring, hot summer, cool autumn and warm winter. There is abundant rainfall in early summer, hot weather and drought in midsummer, continuous rain in autumn, and little sunshine in winter. The annual average temperature is 18.4℃. The average temperature in January is 7.2℃. The average temperature in July is 29.1℃. The average annual sunshine number is 1484.8 hours. The average annual precipitation is 1100.1 mm. The frost-free period is 304 days.

Transportation lines

To Chongqing City, it is about 23 kilometers away from the urban area. From the airport to the city, it takes less than an hour by bus or car. Chongqing Railway Station and Chongqing Bus Station are both located in Caiyuanba, about 3 kilometers west of the Yangtze River Bridge. This is also where the largest concentration of passengers in Chongqing is. There are about 20 pairs of trains connected to major cities across the country. For cars, the Chengdu-Chongqing Expressway leading to Chengdu is the main artery. There are many shuttle buses to Chengdu, and the journey takes less than 4 hours. There are also many buses from each bus station to surrounding districts, cities and counties.

Take a long-distance bus at Chaotianmen Transportation Plaza Bus Station or take a speedboat at Chaotianmen Pier for 5 hours to reach Yunyang County. Then at Yunyang County Lianhua Station, you can take a Panshi bus to Yunyang Yangtze River Bridge get off. You can then go there on foot or by motorcycle.

Best time to travel

The annual average temperature is around 18℃, the average winter temperature is 6-8℃, the average summer temperature is between 27℃-38℃, and the maximum temperature is It can reach 43.8℃.

Chongqing has less frost and snow all year round, more clouds and fog, warm winters, hot summers, early spring, short autumn, abundant rainfall, and more rain at night at the turn of summer and autumn. Poets of the past dynasties have often praised the "night rain in Bashan" .

The best time to travel to Chongqing is in spring and winter. Summer is extremely hot and autumn is rainy, making them both unsuitable for travel.

Three major attractions

The Zhanghuanhou Temple, a national key cultural relics protection unit, is commonly known as Zhangfei Temple. It is located at the foothills of Feifeng Mountain on the south bank of the Yangtze River in the old county town of Yunyang County, Chongqing. It is a place for local people to It was built to commemorate Zhang Fei, the Shu general of the Three Kingdoms. It is said that it was first built in the Three Kingdoms, and the physical data was first seen in the Song Dynasty. It was repaired and expanded in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, bringing together the essence of the architecture of the past dynasties. After the Three Gorges Project impounded water, the location of Zhang Fei Temple was submerged underwater. In order to preserve this important cultural landscape, the state invested 40 million yuan to relocate the entire ancient building complex to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, 32 kilometers away from the old temple. The new Zhangfei Temple has three major attractions:

A look at the unique architectural art. Zhangfei Temple is a perfect group of ancient buildings. This temple with a history of more than 1,700 years has made full use of the height difference in the terrain of the Three Gorges Reservoir area. It is based on the mountains and sits on the rocks facing the river, forming a structure with the word "pin". Chen Yuanlin, director of the Yunyang County Museum of Literature, told the author that the existing Zhang Fei Temple was left over after renovations in the past dynasties, and it basically brings together the essence of the architecture of the past dynasties. Visitors can see the architectural styles and art of many dynasties in eastern Sichuan here. More than 10 unique ancient buildings, such as Jieyi Tower, Deyue Pavilion, and the main hall, are gathered here, forming a perfect three-dimensional landscape painting, which is known as the "Best Scenery of Bashu".

Zhang Fei Temple

Second look at the magnificent calligraphy art. There are a large number of calligraphy treasures in Zhang Fei Temple. As far away as the Han and Tang Dynasties, as close as the Ming and Qing Dynasties, countless celebrities and poets expressed their emotions and wrote poems and couplets here. The museum collects more than 800 pieces of inscriptions, couplets, plaques, calligraphy and paintings, etc., from many schools and styles. In pavilions such as the Calligraphy Gallery, the Stele Room, the Zhufeng Pavilion, and the "Chu Shi Biao" exhibition room, the author saw a dazzling array of inscriptions and various calligraphy and painting treasures. They may be majestic, vigorous and straight, or they may be gentle and graceful, with needles hidden in the cotton. There are the handwritings of Yan Zhenqing, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu, etc., as well as Yue Fei's splash-inked "Execution Model" before and after, and Zheng Banqiao's elegant bamboo, stone, orchid, etc., the temple is filled with a strong bookish atmosphere. It is precisely these that have made Zhangfei Temple a "resort of cultural and algae".

Thirdly, look at the profound history and culture. Zhang Fei Temple was built by local people to commemorate Zhang Fei, a fierce general of the Three Kingdoms. Zhang Fei's heroic deeds are reproduced with sculptures inside. When tourists come here, they can not only understand Zhang Fei's upright and forthright character through the narrator's narration, but also review the long culture and history of the Three Kingdoms. Chen Yuanlin told the author that in addition, the new Zhangfei Temple will also build a museum of more than 2,000 square meters to display underground cultural relics unearthed in Yunyang County, including those excavated from the world-famous Lijiaba Ba people site. cultural relics.

Overall relocation

Relocation background

Due to the construction of the Three Gorges Project, Zhangfei Temple, as the only cultural relic unit in the reservoir area that was relocated over a long distance, was relocated in October 2002. On July 8, 2003, it was closed for demolition and moved 30 kilometers up the river from Feifeng Mountain on the other side of the original Yunyang Old County to Long'an Village, Panshi Town. On July 19, 2003, the new Zhangfei Temple, "the old one remains the same", was officially opened. Open. The relocation funds and specifications of "Zhang Fei" are the largest "immigration" in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.

The relocated temple

The relocated Zhangfei Temple faces Yunyang New County across the river, complementing each other. The whole Zhangfei Temple was moved 32 kilometers westward. The main buildings in the temple include the main hall, side halls, Jieyi Tower, Zhufeng Pavilion, Dujuan Pavilion, etc., forming a group of magnificent and unique ancient buildings. Outside the temple, there are many large flags with the word "Zhang" written on them, dancing in the wind. Walking into the temple, you will see calligraphy, painting and wood carvings of famous people on the first floor. Not only does the temple have a unique architecture, but its collection of books, paintings, sculptures and engravings is also known as the "three wonders": peerless literature, peerless calligraphy, and peerless sculptures.

Langzhong, Sichuan

National key cultural relics protection unit, located in the country

Zhangfei Temple

Historical and cultural city, Gucheng District, Langzhong City, Sichuan Province West Street. With a history of more than 1,700 years, it is a temple commemorating Zhang Fei, a famous Shu Han general during the Three Kingdoms period. After Liu Bei pacified Yizhou, he sent Zhang Fei as the governor of Brazil to lead the army to garrison Langzhong. Zhang Fei guarded here for seven years. In the first year of Zhangwu, he was later killed by his subordinates Fan Qiang and Zhang Da. After Zhang Fei's death, he was posthumously named Huanhou and was buried in Langzhong, hence the name. The main buildings of the Han Huanhou Temple are laid out along the central axis. From south to north, they are mainly composed of the mountain gate, the diwan tower, the left and right archways, the east and west wing rooms, the main hall, the apse, the tomb pavilion, the tomb and the garden behind the tomb. Covering an area of ??more than 6,000 square meters. There are also numerous inscriptions and couplets on inscriptions and plaques by celebrities from past dynasties in the temple, and more than 1,000 historical relics such as Empress Wu’s bronze bell are displayed, showing the rich cultural accumulation of Langzhong for thousands of years.

The Han Huanhou Temple has a rigorous layout and unique structure. It is both majestic and elegant, and is an important cultural relic of the Three Kingdoms, attracting an endless stream of tourists. In 2007, the Zhang Fei theme exhibition hall was expanded, mainly displaying Zhang Fei's life story, family history and legends, etc.; at the same time, more than 1,300 square meters of the square in front of the temple for tourists to rest was restored.

The Zhanghuanhou Temple in Langzhong City, Sichuan, also known as the Zhangfei Temple, was built in the late Shu Han Dynasty. Its history can be traced back to the Xuanhe period of the Northern Song Dynasty. According to information provided by the Sichuan Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau, after the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, the entire building of Zhangfei Temple tilted; the walls were severely cracked and collapsed; the roof ridges were broken and collapsed; and the roof tiles fell off in large areas.

Zhuozhou, Hebei

Zhang Fei’s Hometown Monument

Zhang Fei Temple in Zhuozhou is the hometown of Liu Bei and Zhang Fei. Legend has it that Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were sworn brothers here in ancient times. When you drive from the Beijing-Shijiazhuang Expressway to the Zhuozhou exit, you will see an eye-catching traffic sign: "Zhangfei Temple is 14 kilometers away from here." Passing through Zhuozhou City, turn left when you see National Highway 107 and go south to Zhuozhou City. Not far after the 66-kilometer mark, you will see a poster of "Zhang Fei's Hometown" on the right side of the road. The concrete path in front of the painting passes through the culvert under the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, which is "Jieyi Road". Go straight along the road and pass through Xigao Village to reach Zhang Fei's hometown Zhongyi Store, where Zhang Fei Temple is located. The Zhongyi store was first called "Taozhuang", and later became known as "Zhang Fei's store" because of Zhang Yide, a well-known Taoyuan triple sworn sworn brother. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, a Zhuozhou magistrate felt that calling Zhang Huanhou by his first name seemed disrespectful, so he ordered it to be changed to "Zhongyi Store".

This Zhang Huanhou Temple was rebuilt in 1991 after being abandoned for many years. The temple covers an area of ??more than 50 acres, including the mountain gate, horse hall, main hall, Xiangtang, and Zhuozhou Zhongyidian Zhang Fei Temple

tomb and other buildings. A sturdy black horse is sculpted in the horse hall, and a plaque inscribed by Emperor Qianlong "Eternal Fragrance" hangs on the main hall door with a cloister and a building. A couplet on the pillar is said to have been written by Emperor Qianlong: "The valor frightened Lao Cao's liver and gallbladder, and he watched helplessly to determine the fate of the Han Dynasty." It seems a bit straightforward.

According to legend, Zhang Fei, who was guarding Langzhong and eager to avenge Soochow, was assassinated by his generals Fan Jiang and Zhang Da. Fan and Zhang, who were fleeing Soochow, heard that Soochow had a change of heart and threw Zhang Fei's head into the Yangtze River. He was later picked up and buried in Fenghuang Mountain on the other side of Yunyang, and the earliest Zhang Fei Temple was built. Since then, there has been a legend that Zhang Fei was "buried with his body in Langzhong and his head in Yunyang". It is said that Zhang Fei’s tomb in Zhongyidian, Zhuozhou, Hebei, took some soil from Zhang Fei’s tomb in Langzhong and Yunyang, which can be regarded as a symbol of returning his soul to his hometown! Outside the tomb, there are inscriptions from the Ming and Qing dynasties in the temple, which should be regarded as treasures in the main hall of Zhang Fei Temple[4]

. To the south of Huanhou Temple, there is a statue of Zhang Fei in the main hall, which is the "Hometown of the Three Sworn Brothers in Taoyuan", a lush peach orchard. The cultural relics plaque reads: "... Half of the ancient stele was found near the hometown of Huan Hou, and the original inscription was lost unknown. The old man who was looking for the old man told him that it was the hometown of Emperor Zhaolie of the Han Dynasty. There is a "Zhang Fei Ancient Well" and drinking water in the Taoyuan. Next to the manger stands the inscription on the ancient well of Zhang Huanhou, the hometown of Emperor Zhaolie of the Han Dynasty.

Shijun is a hero in the world, and his friendship is the same as his own flesh and blood;

Shouhou is a sacred person, with beauty and honor. .

——Fang Baoyan’s inscription on Zhangfei Temple in Zhuozhou, Hebei Province