History of Zambia

Two thousand years ago, Zambian local residents were constantly absorbed and integrated by foreign residents. Bantu-speaking residents began to enter Zambia in the15th century, and some Bantu tribes began to settle in this area around the16th century. 17 to 19 century reached its peak. From16th century to19th century, China successively established Ronda Kingdom, Kalolo Kingdom and Baroz Kingdom. At the end of 18, Portuguese and British colonists invaded one after another.

/kloc-In the middle of 0/9th century, European colonists and missionaries began to infiltrate this area. 1888, the British colonist Rhodes obtained the mining right from the local chief. In the same year, the British authorities established Northern Rhodesia and Southern Rhodesia (now Zambia and Zimbabwe respectively).

19 1 1 year, the British colonists named this area "Northern Rhodesia Reserve", which was under the jurisdiction of the British South African Company. 1924, northern rhodesia became a protectorate ruled by British colonial officials, and the governor was stationed to rule directly.

1On September 3rd, 953, Britain forcibly merged southern rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland (now Malawi) into "Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (Central African Federation)".

In the federal election of 1962, Africans won the majority of seats in the Legislative Council. The Legislative Council passed a resolution calling on Northern Rhodesia to secede from the Federation and demanding broader democratic rights and civil autonomy. Due to the opposition of the people of the three countries, the "Central African Federation" disintegrated in196365438+February.

1964 65438+ 10 Northern Rhodesia implemented internal autonomy, and United with the National Independence Party to form an "internal autonomous government". In the same year1October 24th, Northern Rhodesia officially declared its independence and changed its name to Zambia * * * Republic, but it remained in the Commonwealth. In the early days of independence, Zambia was in a difficult situation. At that time, three neighboring countries-southern rhodesia, Portuguese colony Mozambique and Angola-were all under white rule.

The relationship between Zambia and Rhodesia is very tense because Zambia supports black political groups in southern African countries. Eventually, the border between the two countries was closed. However, the Tanzania-Zambia Railway aided by People's Republic of China (PRC) has alleviated the transportation problems caused by this. The Kariba hydropower station on the Zambezi River also provides sufficient energy. Kaunda is the president. 1973 In August, the new constitution was passed and Zambia declared its entry into the Second Republic.

200 1 12 Mwanawasa, leader of the multi-democratic movement, was elected president and re-elected in 2006. In August 2008, President Mwanawasa died in Paris. 10 10 On October 30th, Zambia held a presidential by-election, and a number of pro-democracy candidates and acting President Banda were elected president.

2011On September 20th, Zambia held a "three-in-one" general election for the president, parliament and local government. On September 23rd, Zambia Election Commission announced that Sata, leader of the Patriotic Front (1150,000 votes, accounting for 43% of the votes), defeated Banda, chairman of the multi-party democratic movement (960,000 votes, accounting for 36% of the votes) and was elected as the new president of Zambia. Sata was sworn in that afternoon.