Why is the English translation of "Putonghua" "MANDARIN"? Is there any special origin?

Mandarin is the Chinese language of the Manchu people. After the Manchu people entered Beijing, they learned the Mandarin spoken by Beijingers in the Ming Dynasty (it is Wu language, that is, Jiangsu dialect. Wu language was spoken in Beijing at that time. Later, the language of Beijingers was influenced by Mandarin. is gradually changing, getting closer and closer to Mandarin).

Because I didn’t learn it authentically, neither fish nor fowl, and it was poorly learned, the pronunciation and tone have changed compared with the Mandarin of the Ming Dynasty.

In this way, a new Chinese language appeared, which is Manchu Chinese. It was called Mandarin Mandarin (called mandarin in English, where man means Manchu) and was later promoted nationwide. It became the national language in the Republic of China and became Mandarin in New China.

Now the English word "Mandarin" is "mandarin", which means "Manchu Mandarin Mandarin invented by the Manchu people".

Extended information:

Compared with Indo-European languages, Mandarin has distinctive phonetic characteristics:

1. The syllable structure is simple and the sound is loud.

In Mandarin, a syllable has only four phonemes at most. Among them, the louder vowels are dominant and are an indispensable component of general syllables.

Several vowels (up to three) can appear continuously in one syllable, such as "bad (huài)", and there are no complex consonants in Mandarin syllables, that is, there are no complex consonants like English "lightning (Lightning)", The phenomenon of concatenating several consonants together like "Встреча (meet)" in Russian.

2. The syllables have clear boundaries and a strong sense of rhythm.

Chinese syllables are generally composed of three parts: initial consonants, finals, and tones. The initial consonants come first, the finals follow closely, and there is a tone that runs through the entire syllable, so there is a clear syllable boundary. From the perspective of phoneme analysis, consonants and vowels appear regularly and spaced apart from each other, giving people a recurring feeling, making it very convenient to segment syllables.

3． The tone of voice is ups and downs and expressive. The tones in Mandarin have clear changes in high and low, and the distinction between high, rising, turning and falling is obvious, which can express a person's emotions strongly.

The pronunciation of modern standard Chinese basically follows the phonetic system of Beijing dialect, but the standards vary slightly from place to place. For Chinese, the pronunciation of a single syllable (single word) can be divided into five elements: initial consonant, medial consonant (initial sound), vowel abdomen, rhyme ending, and tone. The rhyme onset, rhyme abdomen, and rhyme ending are synthesized and called "finals"; There are also elements such as continuous tone changes in the pronunciation of suprasyllabic (words and sentences).

Zhiyin and fanqie are both ancient methods of notating Chinese characters. By 1926, the "Guoyu Romaji" formulated by Qian Xuantong, Li Jinxi, Zhao Yuanren and others was produced, which was officially announced by the then Nanjing University in 1928.

Then, in 1931, the "Latin New Text" formulated by Qu Qiubai, Wu Yuzhang and others came into being. The new Latin script and the Mandarin Roman script are two relatively complete solutions among the Latin alphabet-based Chinese pinyin solutions, which greatly surpass their previous solutions.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Mandarin