A historical overview of Vietnamese Chinese

After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty took South Vietnam in11BC, Han people began to emigrate from northern China to South Vietnam (including Guangdong, Guangxi and northern Vietnam today). These Han settlers include exiles, garrisons and court proceedings. Especially during Ma Yuan's conquest of Tr?ng sisters, more than 30,000 Han troops were stationed in Jiao Jiao. Under the leadership of Ma Yuan, the garrison in South Vietnam got idle resources, and then most of them married Vietnamese women. Most aristocratic officials marry Han women, and the first and second generation of native descendants also maintain the cultural customs of the Han nationality. However, some nobles and their descendants settled in South Vietnam, and gradually their descendants assimilated with the Vietnamese people between the third and fourth generations. The gap between the two ethnic groups gradually disappeared, and their mixed-race offspring replaced the matriarchal racial identity.

Especially from the period of Wang Mang, the court appointed the chief executive of the Han nationality to manage the administration. The governor promoted the political system and cultural customs of the Han Dynasty. Influenced by the Chinese culture, Vietnamese people began to adopt Han surnames. A large number of descendants of the Han and Yue ethnic groups are gradually doing business and trade with coastal cities in China and neighboring countries. During Annan's Ming Dynasty, many China businessmen moved to Vietnam to do business. Under the rule of Li Dynasty and Chen Dynasty, the Vietnamese court granted China officials to participate in the administrative scope of the court. However, ordinary officials who come to seek asylum must assimilate with the local people and are prohibited from returning to China. And those businessmen who are determined to enter Vietnam can only March in seaport towns. The imperial court prohibited businessmen from promoting China literature or communicating with local people. In the Ming Dynasty, most China businessmen gathered in coastal towns to start trading. According to Johan van Linga, an executive of the Dutch East India Company, in 1642, an average of 5,000 China businessmen moved to Hoi An.