Is Liang Qichao's statement about the formation of the Chinese nation correct?

China is called China. Where does the word Huaxia come from? China Modern Encyclopedia has no Chinese articles. The entry about Huaxia in The Concise Encyclopedia of Britain is: "The ancient name of China and Han nationality,' Hua' means' Rong' and' Xia' means' people from China', that is, people from the Central Plains. ...... From 265438 BC to 770 BC, Xia people, merchants, Zhou people and other tribes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River lived together for a long time and gradually formed the Chinese nation. " The Huaxia chapter in Ci Hai wrote: "China was called Huaxia in ancient times." Zuo zhuan. Ten Years of Ding Gong (Confucius said):' I don't want summer, I don't want to mess with China'. Sparse:' China is so polite, it is called summer; The beauty of service seal is called China. Huaxia Ye Yi. "Shuwucheng":' Huaxia is quite arrogant, and it is useless to give it. " Sparse:' Summer is big. Therefore, the big country is summer. China is also called China. ""Therefore, the name of China is earlier than the Spring and Autumn Period and earlier than China. However, from the quotations in Zuo Zhuan, we can see that Hua Weirong's and Xia's explanations are inappropriate. It seems that this is just a wish of China after becoming a great power. In my opinion, Huaxia should be similar to Yanhuang, which originates from entity, not adjective. Xia Ying originated from the name of Xia Dynasty, the first dynasty in Chinese history. Just as the lunar calendar is also called the summer calendar, it is said that this calendar was adopted because of the Xia Dynasty. China precedes Xia and is called Xia, so its origin should be similar. From etymology and classicism, China should have originated from the hometown of Fuxi, the ancestor of China, and the name of Huaxu Kingdom.

The birthplace of Chinese civilization is the narrow sense of the Central Plains, that is, the middle reaches of the Yellow River and now Henan. This area is located in the infiltration center of the east, west, north and south, which makes it superior to other areas in adsorption and diffusion. This outward expansion is the Central Plains in a broad sense, which is directly adjacent to the source of Chinese civilization. Qilu culture in the east, Yanzhao culture in the north and Chinese culture in the west. With the expansion of China culture from the source to the periphery, after the Qin and Han Dynasties, the cultural circle in China gradually became clear and stereotyped. In the early days, China's original culture spread smoothly to the north and the west. As far away as Songhua River and Heilongjiang, Su Shenren paid tribute to Zhou Wang, and Zhou Muwang's expedition to Kunlun also showed the spread of Zhou Wenhua. Nomads in Northeast China, North China and Northwest China joined the big family of Chinese culture very early, and further integrated into the Chinese cultural circle through the dynasties established by two ethnic minorities, the Yuan Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty. In the early days, the spread of China culture to the south met with strong resistance. For example, the fiasco of King Zhao Zhou's attack on Chu showed the defeat of Zhou Wenhua. However, after the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the war in the north caused the Central Plains immigrants to move southward again and again, which made the source civilization spread southward to the Yangtze River basin, southwest, Lingnan, Fujian, Taiwan Province and other places with the population migration. Han culture also spread to some of China's close neighbors, such as North Korea and Japan in the northeast, Mongolia and Siberia in the north, Central Asia in the west, Indo-China Peninsula in the south and Southeast Asian countries, forming the outer edge of China's cultural circle.

Population migration is a very important factor in the process of China culture spreading from the source to the surrounding areas. In ancient society, due to the limitation of media and transportation, the spread and diffusion of culture largely depended on the migration and flow of human beings themselves. In the history of our country, this kind of population migration often leads to the spread of culture from one region to another. The expansion of Han cultural circle is inseparable from immigration in almost every link.

The formation of the second ring of China cultural circle, namely the generalized Central Plains culture, is largely the product of tribal migration. At first, the Shang people migrated along the Bohai Sea, from Qiqi to Tangba, from Shangqiu to Taishan, and from Tang to Pan Geng for five times. Compared with Xia Dynasty, the ruling center of Yin Shang gradually developed to the lower reaches of the Yellow River. Zhou Xianzu abandoned his former residence (now Yangling, Shaanxi). Later, due to the intrusion of nomadic tribes in the northwest, Gong Liu led his troops to the mission (now Xunyi, Shaanxi). In his father's time, he moved his capital to Joo Won? (now Qishan, Shaanxi) and Zhou Wenwang moved his capital to Yufeng (now Huxian, Shaanxi). After becoming the masters of the Central Plains, the merchants who lived in the East and the Zhou people who lived in the West contributed to the integration of the narrow sense of Central Plains regional culture, Dongyi culture and Guanzhong culture, and extended the source of Chinese civilization to the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River and the lower reaches of the Yellow River.

The formation of the "Three Rings" of China Cultural Circle can make us see more clearly the role of population migration in cultural migration and communication. Nomads living in the north and northwest moved inward many times, collided with the Han nationality in the Central Plains and were melted by the Han nationality and Han culture. The southward migration of Huaxia-Han nationality in the Central Plains brought the influence of Central Plains culture to the southern region.

Jingchu area-Chu people are the direct descendants of the Chinese nation. At the end of the summer, a branch of the Zhu Rong family of the Yellow Emperor moved to the south and entered the Jianghan Plain, where it merged with the local indigenous peoples and cultures, creating a unique Chu culture that integrated the Xia culture. Chu culture has the genes of Central Plains culture, which makes Chu retain more Chinese cultural traditions. Chu culture can be said to be based on Chinese culture, supplemented by barbarian culture, and promoted each other.

Bashu area-Ba and Shu are named after the two ancient tribes of Ba and Shu who live here. Ba people and Shu people created primitive indigenous culture here. In 3 16 BC, King Hui of Qin attacked Bashu and established Ba County and Shu County here, from which the direct infiltration of Central Plains culture began. surname

The dynasty immigrated here in large numbers, bringing many advanced production tools, agricultural technology and advanced culture. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty engaged in the southwest development and the Bashu regime ruled, the ancestors in this area gradually accepted the Chinese culture and gradually entered the Chinese cultural circle.

Wuyue area-the ancient Duke of Zhou? Taber, the eldest son of his father, left with his brother Zhong Yong to realize his father's wish and let his youngest son Ji Li inherit the throne. They came to Wudi, Meixian County, Wuxi today, lost their tattoos and started the State of Wu. Taber's trip to Wu brought advanced farming techniques and advanced culture to the Central Plains, which made Wu constantly change its cultural outlook. The ancient Vietnamese were also influenced by the culture of the Central Plains. According to legend, Shun went to Guhuiji to hunt in order to avoid the rebellion of Yao's son. After Yu succeeded in harnessing water, he went to Maoshan to meet his ministers. Since the Eastern Jin Dynasty, northerners, especially a large number of scholars, moved to the south, which made Jiangnan culture soar, forming a situation of talented people, developed culture and education, and prosperous writing style.

Lingnan area-Before the Qin Dynasty, Lingnan was regarded as a foreign land, and Wuling became a barrier to prevent the spread of Central Plains culture to this area. The Qin dynasty opened the Lingqu and unified Lingnan, and two large-scale immigrants came here. The people of the Central Plains brought advanced production technology, music education and cultural knowledge, and Chinese culture was spread in Lingnan. After Wei and Jin Dynasties, a large number of scholars from the Central Plains moved to Lingnan, and there were three climaxes of emigration to Lingnan: during the Jin Dynasty, Xiongnu invaded south, some scholars from the Central Plains fled south with their families, and some came to Lingnan, which was called "Yongjia Du Nan" in history; In the Song Dynasty, because the Jin people went south, Mongolia swept the Central Plains, and a large number of scholars from the Central Plains flocked to Lingnan. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, a large number of people in the Central Plains moved south, and there was the third climax of immigration to Lingnan. These emigration climaxes made Lingnan gradually abandon the local culture and embark on the process of sinicization.

Yunnan-Guizhou region-Chu Jiangzhuang at the end of 4th century BC? It is the first time that a large number of mainland Han Chinese have arrived in Yunnan-Guizhou. During the Western Han Dynasty, the Han army entered Yunnan many times. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, a county was set up here, and immigrants entered Yunnan from Shu or borrowed from Shu.

Just more. With the immigration, the residents here often have a mixed lineage of foreigners and Xia people, making Yunnan-Guizhou culture a regional culture in the Chinese cultural circle.

During the Fujian-Taiwan-Yongjia period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the early Tang Gaozong period and the late Tang and Five Dynasties, Zhongzhou scholars moved southward on a large scale for three times. After the Song Dynasty, especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, descendants of Central Plains immigrants moved from Fujian to Taiwan Province. Subsequently, the Central Plains culture moved from the source of Chinese culture through the intermediary of immigration.

The broadcast moved to central Fujian, and then spread from central Fujian to Taiwan Province Province. Among them, the "Heluo dialect" produced by the spread of ancient Central Plains sounds and ancient Chinese to Fujian and Taiwan with immigrants is the most obvious example.

The radiation of Han culture to the outer edge of the Central Plains cultural circle is also related to immigration. For example, when Korea and Japan were influenced by Chinese culture, it involved a large number of immigrants from the legendary Ji Zi and Chui Fu to Liaodong Peninsula and Shandong Peninsula. Another example is the spread of China culture in Southeast Asia, whose basic medium is immigration. Judging from the colonial history of China, the last years of the Tang Dynasty were the beginning of the Han people's colonization of Southeast Asia, followed by several waves of emigration to Southeast Asia in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, which made Chinese occupy a large proportion in Southeast Asian countries. The people of China are constantly emigrating abroad, extending Chinese civilization to every corner of the world. From the process of cultural circle expansion in China, it is not difficult to draw a conclusion that immigrants have an important influence on cultural exchange, cultural diffusion and cultural communication.