What language does Pantian dialect belong to?

Pantian Town is located in the middle of Fengshun County, Guangdong Province, bordering on Tangkeng, Feng Liang, Huangjin and Huangliu respectively. The water system of this town belongs to Hanjiang River Basin. The town has jurisdiction over ten-day fields, centers, Dongjiang, Baisong, Huating, Liukeng, Shikeng, Xinnan, Xinlian, Shangji, Xindong, Cluster, Tiekeng and other 13 natural villages and community neighborhood committees in Pan Xin, with a population of more than 30,000. Pantianzhen dialect belongs to Hakka dialect academically, but it is obviously different from ordinary Hakka dialect. Fengshun people often refer to their Hakka as slang (nià-w? And), Pantian dialect is also called snake snail (à-w? ⑤) and Hakka dialect (tsià-kǎk m: k). In some rural areas such as Jingmen, Chabei, Xiandong, Donglian and Huang Liu in Fengshun County, thousands of people still use dialects close to Pantian dialect.

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Pantian Town borders Feng Liang, Tangkeng, Huangjin and Huang Liu. At present, the dialect in this town is generally classified as Hakka dialect, but the dialect in Pantian is very different from that in the neighboring areas. Among the four towns bordering Pantian Town, Hakka dialect with strong accent is popular in Feng Liang Town, while Hakka dialect with Longxi accent is mainly popular in Huangjin Town. There is little difference between Feng Liang accent and Jinlongxi accent. In addition, administrative villages such as Pudong, Putoujiao, Shentian, Shi Yang and Shendong in the south of Golden Town are dialect islands of Minnan dialect in Zhangzhou, Fujian. Huangliu town is a pure Chaozhou dialect town. The residents in the town are familiar with Chaozhou dialect, and some of them can speak Hakka dialect. Tangkeng Town and its surrounding towns, such as Tangxi, Puzhai, Donglian and Beidou, are mainly popular with Tangkeng dialect, commonly known as Banshanhe dialect. The residents of Santang, who speak Tangkeng dialect, have a strong local consciousness, and usually do not agree with the classification of Hakka dialect, especially the older generation and the younger generation of Santang have been more willing to accept Hakka dialect. In addition, in Tangkeng, Puzhai, Tangxi, Tangnan and other towns in Santang, Chaozhou dialect (belonging to Min dialect) is popular in some villages, and the mainstream dialect in the old town of Tangkeng Town in Fengshun County has been Chaozhou dialect since ancient times, not Banshanhe dialect belonging to Hakka dialect! If Pantian dialect is different from Meixian Hakka dialect because Pantian is far from Meixian, then why is Pantian dialect so different from the dialects of neighboring towns? It turns out that there is an essential difference between the residents of Pantian and the Hakka clan formed later! According to research, Pantian Town was inhabited as early as the pre-Qin period. They are the ancestors of Pantian and belong to Baiyue people, the indigenous people in ancient Lingnan. Since Qin Shihuang unified Lingnan, a batch of immigrants from the Central Plains migrated to the mountainous areas of eastern Guangdong, gradually forming a pattern of multi-surnames living in Pantian, a typical mountainous area. The genealogy of residents in Pantian Town can be traced back to before the Sui Dynasty (Six Dynasties). It can be seen that today's ancestors in Pantian Town were the first in Lingnan to realize the integration of Han immigrants from the Central Plains and Baiyue indigenous people in Lingnan, and settled in this land in eastern Guangdong long before the Hakka immigrants who later moved to Guangdong from Shibi Village, the capital of Tingzhou, Fujian. It is said that the name of Pantian Town is related to Pangu. It is said that ancient Pangu was born here. Later, Pangu opened up an environment suitable for human habitation in the chaotic universe. In memory of him, people called this land "panting", which means the place where Pangu lived.

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Although Pantian dialect is also classified as Hakka dialect, there is an obvious difference between it and the surrounding Hakka dialects, that is, the first-person pronunciation of Pantian dialect is different from that of ordinary Hakka dialect. Is the first person "I" pronounced in Hakka dialect? I (ai), with rising tone; The first person in Pantian dialect is "I"? It's not me, the tone is flat, and continuous reading becomes a rising tone. Authentic Pantian dialect has obvious pinch (u) and I? 、e？ , ik, ek and other vowels. Me? Not I (note that the vowel is' o' in the round mouth, not' a'); What about you? ī; He k; we? I-sā(ān-sā)； You guys? ǐ-sā； They k ǐ s ā; Mine? à; Your ia; His kià；; Who doesn't like this you? That Guo me; Which nè i; Here, Niya-Ho? (I'm leaving) (niā-d? ì); Where is gòi-h? (? ? Go) (Guo I-d? ì); Where, Niya? (yes) (nèi-d? √) is h √; Want it? ?(oī)； No m? ǐ(moī)； There is y ū; There is no mūto hǐ (note that Pantian dialect has the characteristics of Ximu Xiaohua); Do z incarnation; Why% pw? (zū-mūk) Get up, hǒ? -hí (the original word is' Kangqi'); Eat sh and t; Eat shiā? ; Go home, n-ψ k-kā (room card) say w m: What? ī; Say w m:-w? ī; Will it be W? (Wuǐ)； It won't be muǐso/so gàn (Meizhou Hakka dialect generally doesn't have the initial' g', here there is an initial in Pantian dialect). What m? k-gòi(m？ k-sē)； gè； And/or with gm4k; How's it going? -z？ ; There is no m (the tone is the first tone, flat and even); Good hó u; Bad h m: I; mi móu； It is raining. Are you tired? T (this word may be' cheng cheng') (h cheng t); Sleepy? Ién-kǔn (the word is "sleepy") (mǔk-siěp) or Hutt; Maybe it's h-t-h ǘ; Fire hvó；; And hā n-y ū; Pay back hài-tsièn(wān-) to get giēm (the word is' Pickup') (T ě); Give būn (the word is''); Close the door. W ǔ n-Mn just now? (Hakka people usually say "à"? , meaning only, only, just); See more t? √ (tài) (most Hakkas speak kê n, while authentic Pantian speaks tài, just like She); Look at the face, tài-siǒ? Eyes? Ién-zh； Sleep kǔn-gào (word sleepy) (sh ǔ i-m ǔ k); Tears mǔk-zhěp(mǔk-zh? P) think about nūm(siǒ? ); Find gēn (the word is' with'); Make money with nièm (the word is sticky) zm: n-tsiè n; In ts ǐ t (t ě t); Beat Li ǐ o (ts ǐ t-ts); Not yet? (mà？ ) continuous suffix gín (commonly used in Meizhou Hakka, dǒk in Fengshun, and' Jin (gín)' in Pan Tianbang) continuous suffix Li ǐ o, L ǐ, H ǐ, T ě t female Ni ǐ (ni ǐ-d? ì); Son lài(lài-d？ ì); Woman niǜ-d? ì; More men and fewer women? Yesterday t m:I-ǐt(tā- t)； G: What about today? t； Tomorrow, Tiē n-t (Shè u-Zó u); Morning zh ē n-sh ē n (zh ē n-sh ē n-tè u); Morning? -Zhu； Isn't it noon -Zhu； Afternoon? Iūn-Zhu(hā-Zhu)； M-biē n (m-biē n-tè u) at night; M-b is not at night; Now g and m-z? (the word is' today'); Did you just tüu-sin-z? (head first); Shā before? -lín (inheritance); In the future, H m:-Lí n (below) -R? t(yǐt)； Two? ǐ; Three sá m; Four sǐ(h? ); Five (? ú); Six l incarnations k; Seven t ǐ t; Eight b m: t (b? t)； Nine gé us; ten shp(sh？ p)； East dū? , west sē (sē), south nàm, north bē k; Hundred b m: k, thousand tsēn, ten thousand m m: n, one trillion Zhu, one hundred million y: and k: bitter (indicating taste) hvú；; The tone features of Ku Ku Pantian dialect are basically the same as those of Guangzhou dialect. There are dialects similar to Pantian dialect in some villages of Langfeng Town and Guangde Town in dapu county, Jingmen and Chabei in Fengshun County, and luo xi zhen in Luhe County. According to textual research, there are dialects similar to Pantian dialect in these places, and local ancestors all moved in from Boluo County and Dongguan County during the Sui and Tang Dynasties.